普惠PT6

PT6
PT6A-20
类型 涡桨 / 涡轴
原产国 加拿大
制造商 普拉特·惠特尼加拿大公司
首次運轉 1960[1]
制造数量 51,000 (2015年11月)[2]
单位成本 750 hp : $560,000[3]
衍生型 普拉特·惠特尼加拿大公司 PT6T（英语：Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6T）

普拉特 & 惠特尼 加拿大 PT6是最常见的一类涡桨航空发动机。由普拉特·惠特尼加拿大公司研制。从1963年至2016年，累计交付51 000台，4亿飞行小时。2016年的飞行停机率为间隔651 126小时一次。

PT6A覆盖580、1,940 shp（430、1,450 kW）；PT6B/C是用于直升机的涡轴发动机。

开发

1956年，普惠加拿大总裁Ronald Riley指示发动机经理Dick Guthrie建立一支涡桨发动机设计团队，准备活塞式普惠黄蜂系列发动机的升级换代产品。从加拿大国家研究委员会与奥伦达发动机（英语：Orenda Engines）公司招募工程师。1958年，由普拉特·惠特尼加拿大的12名引擎工程师组成的团队在加拿大开始研制第一款小型涡轮引擎 PT6，预期功率450轴马力。1960年2月首次运行。[1][4]1961年5月30日装在Beech 18（英语：Beech 18）飞机首飞。首个全性能成品在1963年下线，1963年获得适航证。1964年交付给了客户，首个装机机型比奇空中女王（英语：Beech Queen Air）。并吸引美国军方订货后，开启了比奇空中国王（英语：King Air）机型，累计生产超过7,000架。[5]

从1963年到2016年，功重比改进了50%，有效燃油消耗率（英语：brake specific fuel consumption）（比油耗）改进了20%，总压比（英语：overall pressure ratio）达到了14:1。[6]

设计

PT6减速齿轮

由容易分离维护的两部分组成：涡轮机与自由涡轮（英语：Free-turbine turboshaft）。[7] 低压轴流式压缩机在中小功率版本有3级，在大功率版本有4级。单级离心式压缩机（英语：centrifugal compressor）后，通过折叠型环形燃烧室，高压燃气再通过单级高压涡轮（转速45,000 rpm）。然后流经动力涡轮（约30,000 rpm），对于小型版本为单级，对于大中型版本为两级。涡桨发动机使用两级的行星输出减速齿轮箱，驱动螺旋桨转速1,900 到 2,200 rpm。发动机尾气通过两个侧向的排气口。


PT6的结构图

规格(PT6A-6)

数据来源： Jane's 62-63,[8]

概况

  • 类型： 涡轮
  • 长度： 62英寸（1,575 mm）
  • 直径： 19英寸（483 mm）
  • 淨重： 270磅（122.47公斤）

组件

  • 压缩机： 3级轴流 + 1级离心压缩机
  • 燃烧室： annular reverse-flow with 14 Simplex burners
  • 涡轮： 1级高压涡轮 + 1级自由涡轮
  • 燃料类型： 航空煤油MIL-F-5624E / JP-4 / JP-5

性能

  • 最大功率： 578 hp（431 kW）等效于起飞时 2,200 rpm
  • 总压比： 6.3:1
  • 燃料消耗率： 0.67 lb/hph (0.408 kg/kWh)
  • 功率重量比： 2.14 hp/lb (3.52 kW/kg)

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 PT6 engine - The Legend. PT6 Nation. Pratt & Whitney Canada. （原始内容存档于2013-02-19）. 
  2. ^ GE, Textron team up to make new turboprop engine, aircraft. Reuters. 16 Nov 2015 [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2015-11-18）. 
  3. ^ Dick Karl. The Price for Power. Flying magazine. September 22, 2010 [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-21）. 
  4. ^ Pratt's 'dirty dozen'. Aviation Week and Space Technology: 42–43. 
  5. ^ Business Aviation Now. The Little Engine That Could ... and Did. Aviation Week Network. Oct 30, 2012. [失效連結]
  6. ^ A Discussion with Pratt & Whitney Canada President John Saabas. AirInsight. June 9, 2016 [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-17）. 
  7. ^ An Engine Ahead of Its Time. PT6 Nation. Pratt & Whitney Canada. [2018-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-07）. 
  8. ^ Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS. Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd. 1962. 

外部链接

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