This was the first detailed study of orbital rotation in galaxies.
V. Rubin, W. K. Ford, Jr, N. Thonnard. Rotational Properties of 21 Sc Galaxies with a Large Range of Luminosities and Radii from NGC 4605 (R=4kpc) to UGC 2885 (R=122kpc). Astrophysical Journal. 1980, 238: 471.
Observations of a set of spiral galaxies gave convincing evidence that orbital velocities of stars in galaxies were unexpectedly high at large distances from the nucleus. This paper was influential in convincing astronomers that most of the matter in the universe is dark, and much of it is clumped about galaxies.
^L. Volders. Neutral hydrogen in M 33 and M 101. Bulletin of the Astronomical Institutes of the Netherlands: 323–334.
^A. Bosma, "The distribution and kinematics of neutral hydrogen in spiral galaxies of various morphological types", PhD Thesis, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, 1978, available online at the Nasa Extragalactic Database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^W. J. G. de Blok, A. Bosma. High-resolution rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2002, 385: 816–846. available online at the Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System
^J. D. Bekenstein. Relativistic gravitation theory for the modified Newtonian dynamics paradigm. Physical Review D. 2004, 70: 083509.
^J. W. Moffat. Scalar tensor vector gravity theory. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2006, 3: 4.