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文小刚
文小刚
出生	1961年11月26日（63歲）; 中国陝西省西安市
居住地	加拿大
国籍	中华人民共和国（1961－？）; 美国
母校	中国科学技术大学; 普林斯顿大学
知名于	手性自旋液体（英语：Chiral spin liquid）拓扑序分数量子霍尔效应边态 Z2拓扑序（英语：Z2 topological order） K-matrix classification of Abelian topological order 非阿贝尔分数量子霍尔效应态 Phase transition beyond symmetry breaking paradigm 高温超导SU(2)-理论弦网凝聚（英语：String-net condensation） Projective symmetry group A string-net unification of light and electron Topological entanglement entropy Pattern-of-zeros classification of non-Abelian FQH states Emergent quantum gravity Long range quantum entanglement Group cohomology and symmetry protected topological (SPT) order
	科学生涯
研究领域	物理学
机构	加州大學聖塔芭芭拉分校, 理論物理研究所; 普林斯顿高等研究院; 圆周理论物理研究所（PI） ; 麻省理工学院（MIT）
博士導師	爱德华·威滕

文小刚（1961年11月26日—），華裔美国物理学家。他是麻省理工学院的物理学教授，自2011年起他是圆周理论物理研究所牛顿讲席教授。兼任清华大学高等研究中心“长江学者奖励计划”讲座教授。他是美国物理学会会士。他的专业知识是在强相关电子系统中的凝聚体物理学。

教育

1977年文小刚自陕西省西安市第四十八中学考入中国科学技术大学物理系，通过1981年度中美物理联合考试（CUSPEA）赴美攻读博士学位，名列当年CUSPEA考试第一名。1987年获得普林斯顿大学物理博士学位。^[26]

在普林斯顿大学，文小刚在理论物理学家爱德华·威滕指导下学习超弦理论。后来，他与理论物理学家约翰·施里弗，弗朗克·韦尔切克，徐一鴻在加利福尼亞大學聖塔芭芭拉分校理论物理研究所（1987-1989年）合作，将他的研究领域转变为凝聚体物理学。

工作

文小刚引入了拓扑序（1989年）^[2]^[3]^[27]和量子序（英语：Quantum order）（2002年）^[14]的概念来描述一类新的物质状态。这为凝聚态物理学开辟了新的研究方向。他发现，拓扑序的状态包含非平凡的边界激励，并为边界状态开发了手性Luttinger理论（英语：Luttinger theory）（1990年）^[4]^[5]。边界状态可以成为理想的导电通道，这可能导致拓扑相的器件应用。他提出了最简单的拓扑序 - Z₂拓扑序（1990年）^[6]，这被证明是Toric code的拓扑序。他还提出了一类特殊的拓扑序：非阿贝尔量子霍尔状态^[10]^[11]。它们包含具有非阿贝尔统计的出现粒子，其一般化了众所周知的波色和费米统计。非阿贝尔粒子可以允许我们执行容错量子计算。

他的系列工作开辟了拓扑物态(topological state)、对称保护物态(symmetry protected state)、长程量子纠缠(long range entanglement)等物理新领域。

他是一本高级量子多体理论着作的作者: Quantum Field Theory of Many-body Systems: From the Origin of Sound to an Origin of Light and Electrons (Oxford University Press, 2004). 量子信息与量子物质交叉的专著：Quantum Information Meets Quantum Matter.

荣誉

A.P. Sloan Foundation fellow (1992年)
Overseas Chinese Physics Association outstanding young researcher award (1994年)
“长江学者奖励计划”讲座教授, 清华大学高等研究院 (2000—2004年)
美国物理学会会士 (2002年)
Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics, 麻省理工学院 (2004—2011年)
Distinguished Moore Scholar, 加利福尼亞理工學院 (2006年)
Distinguished Research Chair, 圆周理论物理研究所 (2009年)
牛顿讲席教授，圆周理论物理研究所 (2011年9月宣布)
美国科学院院士 (2018年5月宣布)

参阅

参考资料

^ Xiao-Gang Wen, F. Wilczek and A. Zee, Chiral Spin States and Superconductivity, Phys. Rev. B 39 11413 (1989). See also: V. Kalmeyer and R. B. Laughlin, Equivalence of the resonating-valence-bond and fractional quantum Hall states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 2095 (1987)
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Topological Orders in Rigid States, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B4 239 (1990)
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Topological Orders and Edge Excitations in FQH States, Advances in Physics 44 405 (1995)
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Gapless Boundary Excitations in the FQH States and in the Chiral Spin States, Phys. Rev. B 43 11025 (1991)
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Theory of the Edge Excitations in FQH effects, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B6 1711 (1992)
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Mean Field Theory of Spin Liquid States with Finite Energy Gaps and topological orders, Phys. Rev. B 44 2664 (1991). See also: N. Read and Subir Sachdev, Large-N expansion for frustrated quantum antiferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1773 (1991)
^ B. Blok and Xiao-Gang Wen, Effective theories of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect at Generic Filling Fractions, Phys. Rev. B 42 8133 (1990)
^ B. Blok and Xiao-Gang Wen, Effective theories of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect: Hierarchical Construction, Phys. Rev. B 42 8145 (1990). See also: N. Read, Excitation structure of the hierarchy scheme in the fractional quantum Hall effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 1502 (1990)
^ Xiao-Gang Wen and A. Zee, A Classification and Matrix Formulation of the abelian FQH states, Phys. Rev. B 46 2290 (1992)
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Non-Abelian Statistics in the FQH states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 802 (1991). See also: G. Moore and N. Read, Nucl. Phys. B 360 362 (1991)
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Topological order and edge structure of nu=1/2 quantum Hall state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 355 (1993)
^ Xiao-Gang Wen and Y.-S. Wu, Transitions between the quantum Hall states and insulators induced by periodic potentials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1501 (1993)
^ Xiao-Gang Wen, Continuous topological phase transitions between clean quantum Hall states, cond-mat/9908394, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 3950 (2000)
^ ^14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Xiao-Gang Wen, Quantum Orders and Symmetric Spin Liquids, cond-mat/0107071, Phys. Rev. B 65 165113 (2002)
^ Xiao-Gang Wen and P. A. Lee, Theory of Underdoped Cuprates, cond-mat/9506065, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 503 (1996)
^ Patrick A. Lee, Naoto Nagaosa, Xiao-Gang Wen, Doping a Mott Insulator: Physics of High Temperature Superconductivity, cond-mat/0410445, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 17-85 (2006)
^ Michael Levin, Xiao-Gang Wen, String-net condensation: A physical mechanism for topological phases, cond-mat/0404617, Phys. Rev. B 71 045110 (2005)
^ Michael Levin, Xiao-Gang Wen, Fermions, strings, and gauge fields in lattice spin models, cond-mat/0302460 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. B 67 245316 (2003)
^ Xiao-Gang Wen, Quantum order from string-net condensations and origin of light and massless fermions, hep-th/0302201 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. D 68 065003 (2003)
^ Michael Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen, Detecting Topological Order in a Ground State Wave Function, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110405 (2006). See also: Alexei Kitaev and John Preskill, Topological Entanglement Entropy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110404 (2006).
^ Xiao-Gang Wen and Zhenghan Wang, Classification of symmetric polynomials of infinite variables: Construction of Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall states, arXiv:0801.3291 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. B 77 235108 (2008)
^ Xiao-Gang Wen and Zhenghan Wang, Topological properties of Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall states from the pattern of zeros, arXiv:0803.1016 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. B 78 155109 (2008); arXiv:1203.3268 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
^ Zheng-Cheng Gu and Xiao-Gang Wen, Emergence of helicity +/- 2 modes (gravitons) from qbit models , arXiv:0907.1203 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Nucl. Phys. B 863 90 (2012)
^ Chen, Xie, Zheng-Cheng Gu, and Xiao-Gang Wen. Local unitary transformation, long-range quantum entanglement, wave function renormalization, and topological order. Phys. Rev. B 82, 155138 (2010); arXiv:1004.3835 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Xie Chen, Zheng-Xin Liu, Xiao-Gang Wen, 2D symmetry protected topological orders and their protected gapless edge excitations Phys. Rev. B 84, 235141 (2011); arXiv:1106.4752 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Xie Chen, Zheng-Cheng Gu, Zheng-Xin Liu, Xiao-Gang Wen, Symmetry protected topological orders and the group cohomology of their symmetry group arXiv:1106.4772 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
^ 我院772校友文小刚教授荣获凝聚态物理最高奖巴克利奖. 中国科学技术大学物理学院. 2016-10-12 [2016-10-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-21）.
^ Xiao-Gang Wen, Vacuum degeneracy of chiral spin states in compactified space, Phys. Rev. B 40, 7387 (1989)

外部链接

[csp-1] Xiao-Gang Wen, F. Wilczek and A. Zee, Chiral Spin States and Superconductivity, Phys. Rev. B 39 11413 (1989). See also: V. Kalmeyer and R. B. Laughlin, Equivalence of the resonating-valence-bond and fractional quantum Hall states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59 2095 (1987)

[rig-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Topological Orders in Rigid States, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B4 239 (1990)

[toprev-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Topological Orders and Edge Excitations in FQH States, Advances in Physics 44 405 (1995)

[edge-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Gapless Boundary Excitations in the FQH States and in the Chiral Spin States, Phys. Rev. B 43 11025 (1991)

[edge1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Theory of the Edge Excitations in FQH effects, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B6 1711 (1992)

[rvb-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Mean Field Theory of Spin Liquid States with Finite Energy Gaps and topological orders, Phys. Rev. B 44 2664 (1991). See also: N. Read and Subir Sachdev, Large-N expansion for frustrated quantum antiferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 1773 (1991)

[kmat-7] B. Blok and Xiao-Gang Wen, Effective theories of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect at Generic Filling Fractions, Phys. Rev. B 42 8133 (1990)

[kmat1-8] B. Blok and Xiao-Gang Wen, Effective theories of Fractional Quantum Hall Effect: Hierarchical Construction, Phys. Rev. B 42 8145 (1990). See also: N. Read, Excitation structure of the hierarchy scheme in the fractional quantum Hall effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 1502 (1990)

[kmat2-9] Xiao-Gang Wen and A. Zee, A Classification and Matrix Formulation of the abelian FQH states, Phys. Rev. B 46 2290 (1992)

[nab-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Non-Abelian Statistics in the FQH states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 802 (1991). See also: G. Moore and N. Read, Nucl. Phys. B 360 362 (1991)

[nab1-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Xiao-Gang Wen, Topological order and edge structure of nu=1/2 quantum Hall state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 355 (1993)

[toptran-12] Xiao-Gang Wen and Y.-S. Wu, Transitions between the quantum Hall states and insulators induced by periodic potentials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1501 (1993)

[toptran1-13] Xiao-Gang Wen, Continuous topological phase transitions between clean quantum Hall states, cond-mat/9908394, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 3950 (2000)

[W0213-14] 14.0 ^14.1 ^14.2 Xiao-Gang Wen, Quantum Orders and Symmetric Spin Liquids, cond-mat/0107071, Phys. Rev. B 65 165113 (2002)

[su2-15] Xiao-Gang Wen and P. A. Lee, Theory of Underdoped Cuprates, cond-mat/9506065, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 503 (1996)

[su2a-16] Patrick A. Lee, Naoto Nagaosa, Xiao-Gang Wen, Doping a Mott Insulator: Physics of High Temperature Superconductivity, cond-mat/0410445, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 17-85 (2006)

[strnet-17] Michael Levin, Xiao-Gang Wen, String-net condensation: A physical mechanism for topological phases, cond-mat/0404617, Phys. Rev. B 71 045110 (2005)

[uni-18] Michael Levin, Xiao-Gang Wen, Fermions, strings, and gauge fields in lattice spin models, cond-mat/0302460 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. B 67 245316 (2003)

[uni1-19] Xiao-Gang Wen, Quantum order from string-net condensations and origin of light and massless fermions, hep-th/0302201 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. D 68 065003 (2003)

[topent-20] Michael Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen, Detecting Topological Order in a Ground State Wave Function, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110405 (2006). See also: Alexei Kitaev and John Preskill, Topological Entanglement Entropy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110404 (2006).

[poz-21] Xiao-Gang Wen and Zhenghan Wang, Classification of symmetric polynomials of infinite variables: Construction of Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall states, arXiv:0801.3291 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. B 77 235108 (2008)

[poz1-22] Xiao-Gang Wen and Zhenghan Wang, Topological properties of Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall states from the pattern of zeros, arXiv:0803.1016 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Phys. Rev. B 78 155109 (2008); arXiv:1203.3268 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[23] Zheng-Cheng Gu and Xiao-Gang Wen, Emergence of helicity +/- 2 modes (gravitons) from qbit models , arXiv:0907.1203 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Nucl. Phys. B 863 90 (2012)

[lre-24] Chen, Xie, Zheng-Cheng Gu, and Xiao-Gang Wen. Local unitary transformation, long-range quantum entanglement, wave function renormalization, and topological order. Phys. Rev. B 82, 155138 (2010); arXiv:1004.3835 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[spt-25] Xie Chen, Zheng-Xin Liu, Xiao-Gang Wen, 2D symmetry protected topological orders and their protected gapless edge excitations Phys. Rev. B 84, 235141 (2011); arXiv:1106.4752 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Xie Chen, Zheng-Cheng Gu, Zheng-Xin Liu, Xiao-Gang Wen, Symmetry protected topological orders and the group cohomology of their symmetry group arXiv:1106.4772 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.

[26] 我院772校友文小刚教授荣获凝聚态物理最高奖巴克利奖. 中国科学技术大学物理学院. 2016-10-12 [2016-10-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-21）.

[27] Xiao-Gang Wen, Vacuum degeneracy of chiral spin states in compactified space, Phys. Rev. B 40, 7387 (1989)

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

文小刚

教育

工作

荣誉

参阅

参考资料

外部链接

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