擊倒

关于与「擊倒」標題相近或相同的条目，請見「击倒 (暴力游戏)」。
一名拳擊手被擊倒，並被裁判數了10秒

擊倒 （英語：knock out，縮寫為KO或K.O.）是搏擊運動（像是拳擊、泰拳、綜合格鬥）中的一種勝利判定。當一名參賽者被打倒在擂台上，經過一段規定的時間仍無法站起來，即為擊倒。典型的原因是因為疲勞、受傷（例如臉部上方流血導致選手暫時失明）、失去平衡、失去意識。

技術擊倒（英語：technical knockout，縮寫為TKO或T.K.O.）是指裁判或醫生判定該名選手無法再繼續比賽，或是選手本身、選手教練決定放棄比賽（通常是丟毛巾進場），即使該名選手並未被打倒在地或是倒地尚未經過規定時間。在某些比賽中，選手被打倒三次也會被判定為技術擊倒[1]在英國則將技術擊倒記錄為「棄權」。

物理特性

擊倒可能會導致暫時失去知覺

擊倒的真正原因並未被證實，但是一般認為是由於腦部遭到微創傷造成，通常發生於頭部遭到打擊，使得頭部快速的轉動或是晃動。也因此拳擊的基本防守準則就是將兩手舉起至臉部附近，以保護頭部[2]。

後遺症

對頭部重覆的晃動會造成腦部損傷，引發阿茲海默症，在某些案例中甚至會造成中風、癱瘓甚至死亡，例如韓國拳擊手崔堯三即在拳賽中遭對手重擊後倒下，並於賽後腦死身亡。知名拳擊手穆罕默德·阿里也因為長年的腦損傷而於退休後罹患帕金森氏症[3]。

誤解

對擊倒有一種常見的誤解，認為擊倒是因為頭部快速扭動造成頸動脈受到壓迫，導致昏厥。[2]

拳擊中的擊倒

在拳擊中，一位選手因為對手的打擊造成除了腳以外的部份（包括膝蓋）碰觸到擂台，這也包括選手吊掛在邊繩或是角柱上，就會被判定為一次擊倒在地。倒下後裁判便會開始數秒，一位拳擊手被打倒在地並且未在裁判數到10以前站起來擺出戰鬥姿態，即會被視為擊倒敗。[4]

如果一位選手因為擊倒（或是技術擊倒）而輸掉比賽，那他將會在30天內禁止參加拳賽；如果在3個月內被兩度擊倒敗，則禁止參賽3個月；一年內被三度擊倒敗，則禁止參賽一年。

參見

參考資料

  1. ^ Sugar, Bert. Boxing 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2006-06-19.. www.owingsmillsboxingclub.com. URL last accessed March 4, 2006.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Margaret Goodman, MD Ringside and training principles （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） URL last accessed June 20, 2006
  3. ^ Lieberman, Abraham. Causing Parkinson: Boxing, Brain Injury （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. www.liebermanparkinsonclinic.com. URL last accessed March 4, 2006.
  4. ^ Boxing Terminology （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Ringside by Gus. URL last accessed June 17, 2008.

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