帕里弧

1980 年 12 月,美国国家海洋和大气局的辛迪·麦克菲在南极站记录的光环显示照片。照片中出现了几种不同的光晕现象:两个幻日(亮点)、一个幻日圆(水平线)、一个22° 晕(圆)、一个上切弧和一个帕里弧(顶部)。
复杂的月晕。可见的有:光环、帕里上切弧幻月
2015 年 11 月 24 日,在佛罗里达州圣罗莎海滩上看到的上切弧和向阳帕里弧。

帕里弧(Parry arc)是一种罕见的,一种偶尔出现在22° 晕上方的光学现象,同时还有上切弧。

发现

1820 年,威廉·爱德华·帕里爵士 (Sir William Edward Parry, 1790–1855) 在一次北极探险中寻找西北航道时首次描述了这种晕。 4 月 8 日,在恶劣的条件下,他的两艘船被冰困住,迫使他在加拿大北部北极群岛梅尔维尔岛过冬,当天他绘制了这一现象的图画。该图准确地呈现了幻日环22° 晕、一对幻日下切弧46° 晕圈外天顶弧。然而,他确实弄错了上切弧。另一方面,他添加了两条从 46° 晕的底部横向延伸的弧,长期以来被解释为错误绘制的下侧弧,但也有可能是正确绘制的亚螺旋弧(两者均由相同的晶体取向产生,但光线通过不同晶面)。 [1]

形成

帕里弧是由双取向的六棱柱晶体产生的,即所谓的帕里取向,其中棱镜的中心主轴和上下棱镜侧面都是水平取向的。这个方向造成了几个罕见的光晕。格挡弧是光线穿过形成 60° 角的两个侧面的结果。帕里弧的形状随着太阳的高度而变化,随后被称为上弧或下弧,以表明它们是在太阳上方或下方发现的,并且根据它们的方向来判断是凹的或凸的。 [2] [3]

柱状晶体采用这种特殊的帕里取向的机制受到了很多猜测——最近的实验室实验表明,可能是由于存在具有斜角六边形横截面的晶体。 [4]


帕里弧可能与上切弧、 洛维茨弧和任何由金字塔形晶体产生的奇数半径晕圈混淆。

另见

  • 洛维茨弧

参考资料

  1. ^ Cowley, Parry 1820
  2. ^ Cowley, Parry Arcs
  3. ^ Arbeitskreis Meteore, Parry Arc
  4. ^ Westbrook, C. D. Origin of the Parry arc (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2011, 137 (656): 538–543 [2022-11-15]. Bibcode:2011QJRMS.137..538W. doi:10.1002/qj.761. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-15). 

Read other articles:

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le Portugal et l’architecture ou l’urbanisme. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Consultez la liste des tâches à accomplir en page de discussion. La Casa da Música. Façade de l'entrée principale La Casa da Música est une salle de spectacle de la ville de Porto, au Portugal qui héberge ses trois orchestres Orquestra Nacional do Porto, Orquestra Barro...

 

National beauty pageant in Germany This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Miss Germany – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Miss Germany CorporationFormation1927; 97 years ago (1927)TypeBeauty pageantHead...

 

American baseball coach and manager (born 1968) Baseball player Mike ShildtShildt with the St. Louis Cardinals in 2019San Diego Padres – No. 8ManagerBorn: (1968-08-09) August 9, 1968 (age 55)Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.Career statisticsManagerial record257–206Winning %.555 TeamsAs manager St. Louis Cardinals (2018–2021) San Diego Padres (2024–present) As coach St. Louis Cardinals (2017–2018) San Diego Padres (2022–2023) Career highlights and awards NL Manager of the Y...

Komputer bingkai utama Honeywell-Bull DPS 7 pada tahun 1990an. Komputer bingkai utama (Inggris: mainframe computer) adalah komputer besar yang digunakan untuk memproses data dan aplikasi yang besar. Komputer bingkai utama pada umumnya digunakan dalam perusahaan atau organisasi yang menangani data seperti sensus, penelitian, keperluan militer atau transaksi keuangan. Komputer kerangka utama dapat melayani ratusan pengguna pada waktu bersamaan. Pengguna-pengguna ini menggunakan terminal unt...

 

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento competizioni calcistiche non è ancora formattata secondo gli standard. Commento: Molte pagine di campionati regionali come queste vanno corrette con il nuovo modello di voce perché questa pagina è stata realizzata con modelli vecchi ed è obsoleta.In questa pagina sono da correggere:le squadre partecipanti, con la tabellina in cui non è più possibile linkare le squadre non enciclopediche alle città, la città va scritta nella riga inferiore con...

Interregionale 1976 Competizione Interregionale Sport Calcio Edizione 7ª Organizzatore F.I.G.C.F. Date dal 25 aprile 1976al 31 ottobre 1976 Luogo  Italia Partecipanti 50 Formula 6 gironi all'italiana. Risultati Vincitore Salernitana(1º titolo) Promozioni SalernitanaPordenone Cronologia della competizione 1975 1977 Manuale L'edizione 1976 è stata l'ottava edizione del campionato F.I.G.C.F. dell'Interregionale femminile italiano di calcio. Corrisponde al campionato 1975-1976 de...

 

John Barnardiston by Frans van der Mijn John Barnardiston (1719–1778) was the principal librarian (protobibliothecarius) of the University of Cambridge from 1769 to 1778 and the Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge from 1764 until 1778. He was educated at Tonbridge School; matriculated as a sizar of Corpus Christi in 1737; and was awarded four university degrees: B.A. (1740/41); M.A. (1744); B.D. (1752); and D.D. (1764). He was a Fellow of Corpus Christi from 1745 to 1759, and becam...

 

1987 single by MotörheadEat the RichSingle by Motörheadfrom the album Rock 'n' Roll B-sideCradle to the Grave / Just 'cos You Got the Power (12 only)ReleasedNovember 1987 (UK)[1]Recorded1987StudioMaster Rock StudiosRedwood, London, UKGenreHeavy metalspeed metalLength4:36LabelGWRSongwriter(s)Phil CampbellWürzelLemmyPhil TaylorProducer(s)MotörheadGuy BidmeadMotörhead singles chronology Deaf Forever (1986) Eat the Rich (1987) Ace of Spades (live) (1988) Music videoEat the Rich on Y...

2006 American television sitcom The New Adventures of Old ChristineTitle cardGenreSitcomCreated byKari LizerDirected byAndy AckermanStarring Julia Louis-Dreyfus Clark Gregg Hamish Linklater Trevor Gagnon Emily Rutherfurd Tricia O'Kelley Alex Kapp Horner Wanda Sykes Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons5No. of episodes88 (list of episodes)ProductionExecutive producers Andy Ackerman Ellen Kreamer Jack Burditt Jeff Astrof Kari Lizer Sherry Bilsing-Graham Producers ...

 

Ardenna Ardenna gravis Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukaryota Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Aves Ordo: Procellariiformes Famili: Procellariidae Genus: ArdennaFowler, 1938 Spesies tipe Ardenna gravis[1]O'Reilly, 1818 Spesies[2] Ardenna pacifica Ardenna bulleri Ardenna grisea Ardenna tenuirostris Ardenna creatopus Ardenna carneipes Ardenna gravis Ardenna adalah genus burung laut dalam keluarga Procellariidae. Spesies burung penggunting laut berukuran sedang dalam genu...

 

This article is about the troubadour. For his grandfather, see Raimbaut, Count of Orange. 12th-century Occitan nobleman Raimbaut depicted in a 13th-century chansonnier Raimbaut of Orange (Old Provençal: Raimbaut d'Aurenga; c. 1147 – 1173) was the lord of Orange and Aumelas and an influential troubadour in medieval France. His properties included the towns of Frontignan and Mireval. He was the only son of William of Aumelas and of Tiburge, Countess of Orange, daughter of Raimbaut, Count...

Djazouly SemanKH. Anang Djazouly SemanNamaDjazouly SemanKebangsaanIndonesiaKeluargaHaji Khairul Saleh Al-Mu'tashim Billah K.H.M. Djazouly Seman atau biasa dikenal Abah Anang (8 Desember 1936 – 14 Oktober 2011) adalah seorang ulama Banjar asal Martapura. Ia yang memiliki nama asli Muhammad Fadhil Camali bin KH M Seman bin H Abdul Kholil ini adalah putera Tuan Guru K.H. Seman Kadir dan cucu keturunan ke-5 ulama basar Kalimantan K.H. Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari, pengarang k...

 

Banco Nacional Ultramarino大西洋銀行JenisAnak perusahaan dari 1 pemegang sahamIndustriPerbankanDidirikan1864 di Lisboa, PortugalKantorpusatMakauProdukJasa keuanganKaryawan400 (2013)IndukCaixa Geral de Depósitos (2001)Situs webwww.bnu.com.mo Banco Nacional Ultramarino (pengucapan bahasa Portugis: [ˈbɐ̃ku nɐsiuˈnaɫ uɫtɾɐmɐˈɾinu]; Hanzi: 大西洋銀行; bahasa Inggris: National Overseas Bank) dahulu adalah sebuah bank Portugal yang beroperasi di seluruh dunia, ter...

 

Discontinued SSRI antidepressant drug IndalpineClinical dataTrade namesUpstèneIdentifiers IUPAC name 3-(2-Piperidin-4-ylethyl)-1H-indole CAS Number63758-79-2 YPubChem CID44668DrugBankDB08953 YChemSpider40643 YUNIIV35562QSVTChEMBLChEMBL276520 YCompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID80213196 ECHA InfoCard100.058.569 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC15H20N2Molar mass228.339 g·mol−13D model (JSmol)Interactive image SMILES c2(c1ccccc1[nH]c2)CCC3CCNCC3 InChI InChI=1S/C15H20N2/c1...

Dutch actor, singer, comedian and revue artist This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Louis Davids – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Louis DavidsPortrait photograph by Godfried de Groot, 1928BornSimon David(1883-12-19)19 December 18...

 

E. H. CalvertCalvert pada 1916LahirElisha Helm Calvert(1863-06-27)27 Juni 1863Alexandria, Virginia, Amerika SerikatMeninggal5 Oktober 1941(1941-10-05) (umur 78)Hollywood, California, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanPemeran, sutradaraTahun aktif1912–1939 Elisha Helm Calvert (27 Juni 1863 – 5 Oktober 1941) adalah seorang pemeran dan sutradara Amerika Serikat. Ia tampil dalam lebih dari 170 film, serta menyutradarai 60 film. Biografi Ia lahir di Alexandria, Virginia, dan men...

 

Family of flowering plants Olacaceae Olax imbricata Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Santalales Family: OlacaceaeR.Br.[1] Genera See text Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. As of July 2021[update], the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it i...

Cardinal virtue Justizia, by Luca Giordano Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues in classical European philosophy and Roman Catholicism. It is the moderation or mean between selfishness and selflessness — between having more and having less than one's fair share.[1]: V.3  Justice is closely related, in Christianity, to the practice of charity because it regulates relationships with others. It is a cardinal virtue, which is to say that it is pivotal, because it ...

 

Body of law that governs businesses Business form redirects here. For types of business entities, see List of legal entity types by country. This article is part of a series onCorporate law By jurisdiction Anguilla Australia BVI Canada Cayman Islands India South Africa UK United States Vietnam European Union France Germany General corporate forms Company Conglomerate Cooperative Corporation Holding company Joint-stock Partnership General Limited Limited liability Private limited Shell corpora...