尖晶石

尖晶石
基本資料
類別
化学式MgAl2O4
IMA記號Spl[1]
施特龙茨分类4.BB.05
戴納礦物分類7.2.1.1
晶体分类六八面体 (m3m)
H-M記號: (4/m 3 2/m)
晶体空间群Fd3m
晶胞a = 8.0898(9) Å; Z = 8
性質
顏色不定,常为红色、蓝色、红紫色、暗绿色、棕色或黑色
晶系等轴晶系
雙晶常見
解理不明显
断口贝壳状
韌性/脆性脆性
莫氏硬度7.5 - 8.0
光澤玻璃光澤
條痕白色
透明性透明到不透明
比重3.54-3.63
折射率1.712-1.762
多色性
溶解度不溶
參考文獻[2][3]

尖晶石(英語:Spinel)又稱镁铝尖晶石,是一種尖晶石族的礦物,化學式為MgAl2O4,其英文名稱來自拉丁文「spinella」意思為刺,由於該礦物的晶體特別尖的關係[2]

性質

尖晶石屬於等軸晶系,常見晶型為八面體,也很常見雙晶現象。尖晶石並無真正的解理,不過具有八面體裂理及貝殼狀斷口[4]

尖晶石的顏色可以是無色,但通常是多種顏色,像是紅色、薰衣草色、藍色、綠色、棕色、黑色或黃色等[5]。其中來自緬甸的尖晶石因為Cr3+
離子的關係導致其呈現紅色[6]

形成

尖晶石是一種在變質石灰岩和貧矽的泥岩中發現的變質礦物[5]。也可以作為稀有鎂鐵質火成岩中的一種原生礦物;在這些火成岩中,岩漿因為的關係相對缺乏鹼金屬,而氧化鋁可以形成剛玉或與氧化鎂結合形成尖晶石。這也是為什麼尖晶石常常會和紅寶石同時出現的原因。尖晶石在鎂鐵質火成岩中的岩石成因論仍存在強烈的質疑,但可以肯定的是,尖晶石是鎂鐵質岩漿與更進一步演化的岩漿[7]或岩石(例如:輝長岩橄長岩)相互作用的結果[8][9]

產地

尖晶石很早就發現於斯里蘭卡的含寶石礫石中、現今阿富汗塔吉克斯坦巴達赫尚省的石灰岩中以及緬甸抹谷。近十年來,在越南陸安、坦尚尼亞馬亨蓋莫羅戈羅地區、肯亞察沃英语Tsavo地區的大理岩中以及坦尚尼亞通杜魯英语Tunduru和馬達加斯加伊拉卡卡英语Ilakaka的礫石中皆能發現寶石級尖晶石[10][11]

應用

切割的尖晶石

尖晶石在珠寶業內被使為一种半寶石,顏色豐富明亮,常被作为紅藍寶的替代品,其硬度為 8 適合用于日常佩戴,其折射率也與剛玉相差無幾。

而馬亨蓋當中較為特殊的品類有絕地武士尖晶馬亨蓋尖晶

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Warr, L.N. IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine. 2021, 85 (3): 291–320 [2022-10-29]. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. S2CID 235729616. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. (原始内容存档于2021-11-19). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Spinel, MinDat.org 
  3. ^ Spinel Mineral Data, WebMineral.com 
  4. ^ Nesse, William D. Introduction to mineralogy. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000: 362–363. ISBN 9780195106916. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Klein, Cornelis; Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. Manual of mineralogy : (after James D. Dana) 21st. New York: Wiley. 1993. ISBN 047157452X. 
  6. ^ Minerals Colored by Metal Ions. minerals.gps.caltech.edu. [2023-03-01]. (原始内容存档于2023-02-28). 
  7. ^ Irvine TN. Origin of chromite layers in the Muskox intrusion and other stratiform intrusions: a new perspective. Geology. 1977, 5 (5): 273. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<273:ooclit>2.0.co;2. 
  8. ^ Leuthold J, Blundy JD, Brooker RA. Experimental petrology constraints on the recycling of mafic cumulate: A focus on Cr-spinel from the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 2015, 170 (2): 12. Bibcode:2015CoMP..170...12L. S2CID 129562202. doi:10.1007/s00410-015-1165-0. hdl:1983/43578f76-07c8-4676-84d1-d763d5228efb可免费查阅. 
  9. ^ O Driscoll B, Emeleus CH, Donaldson CH, Daly JS. The roles of melt infiltration and cumulate assimilation in the formation of anorthosite and a Cr-spinel seam in the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion, NW Scotland. Lithos. 2009, 111 (1–2): 6–20. Bibcode:2009Litho.111....6O. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.11.011. 
  10. ^ Pardieu & Farkhodova 2019.
  11. ^ Pardieu, Vincent; Hughes, R. W.; Boehm, E. Spinel: Resurrection of a classic. InColor Magazine. 2008: 10–18 [29 April 2021]. 

延伸閱讀

  • Deer, Howie and Zussman (1966) An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals, Longman, pp.424-433, ISBN 0-582-44210-9
  • Shumann, Walter (2006) Gemstones of the World 3rd edition, Sterling, pp.116-117.

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