寶復禮

寶復禮
寶復禮畫像
出生1860年
 英国格洛斯特郡亨廷福特（Huntingford）
逝世卒年不詳
卒地不詳
职业英格蘭循道宗來華傳教士

寶復禮（英語：Frederick Alfred Brown，1860年—？），英國格洛斯特人，是近代史上循道宗（英語：Methodism，又稱衛斯理宗、衛理公會）著名的來華傳教士。[1][2]他創辦了天津第一所外國學校「成美学堂」（現在是天津匯文中學），並且大力反對吸食鸦片與婦女纏足。義和團圍攻北京使館區時，他提供的情報使得英軍在八國聯軍中率先抵達使館區解圍。他於1909年獲得清廷御賜雙龍寶星。

生平

寶復禮1860年生於英格蘭，1878年成為基督徒。他於1882年成為循理會（英語：Free Methodist Church，是循道宗的一個教派）牧師，1883年抵達中國為英國和外國聖經公會（英语：British and Foreign Bible Society）服務。他於1886年與妻子Agnes Barker成為美以美會差會華北教區（英語：Methodist Episcopal Church North China Mission；美以美會是循道宗的一個教派）的一員。[3][4]1888年10月成為美以美會長老（英语：Elder (Methodist)），隨即被任命為天津東門衛斯理禮拜堂的牧師。[5]

他提倡新学，於清光緒十六年(公元1890年)創辦了天津第一所外國學校「成美学堂」（天津匯文中學的前身），並擔任校長。[6][7]他辦學成效受到肯定，該校一年（1900年）就有12位畢業生進入北京大學就讀。[8]光緒二十四年(公元1898年)農歷三月二十四日，他與丁家立牧師共同創辦天足會天津分會，提倡廢除婦女纏足的陋習。[9]他反對吸食鸦片，在英國皇家鴉片委員會（英语：Royal Commission on Opium）出席作證，並在传教士成立的英东力除鸦片贸易协会（英语：Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade）担任执行董事。[3][10][7]

1900年八國聯軍進攻天津時，英國遠征軍委任他為軍事情報官，從事情報搜集以及為英軍審訊俘虜等工作。[1]北京之戰時，英國駐大清國公使竇納樂上校負責指揮東交民巷使館區防禦，他的計畫建議英軍從永定門進攻解使館區之圍，但是寶復禮向英軍參謀長巴羅（英语：Edmund Barrow）將軍指出廣渠門比永定門更近，也沒有永定門堅固。英軍採納了他的建議，傷亡很少，並且在聯軍中第一個抵達使館區，總司令事後感謝他的幫助。[11]使館區解圍之後，他沒有隨英軍司令賈士禮（英语：Alfred Gaselee）進入使館，而留在使館外，阻止英軍濫殺拳民以外的人，救了一些平民的命，稍後才應邀到使館共進晚餐。[12]

1909年他獲得清廷御賜雙龍寶星。[7][13]袁世凱當選中華民國臨時大總統後，他率領基督教代表團於1912年2月23日向袁世凱表示祝賀。[2]

著作

  • 1902年出版From Tientsin to Peking with the Allied Forces(《京津隨軍記》)，2015年北京市人民东方出版社出版簡體字譯本《八國聯軍侵華戰爭回憶錄》。[14][15]
  • 1908年出版Religion in Tientsin(《天津的宗教》)。[16]
  • 1913年出版China's Dayspring After Thirty Years(《三十年后中國之覺醒》)。[17]
  • 1936年出版"Boxer" and Other China Memories(《義和團和其他關於中國的回憶》)。[18]

家庭

他的妻子Agnes Barker Brown也是循道宗傳教士。他們有兩個兒子。[19][20][註 1]

註解

  1. ^ 循道宗在二十世紀初有兩位在華傳教士名為Frederick Brown：寶復禮1860年出生於英格蘭，主要在華北傳教；另一位Frederick R. Brown1888年出生於美國紐約州，主要在華南傳教，妻子是Clella Ernestine McDonnell。[21][3]

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 八國聯軍侵華戰爭回憶錄（簡體書）. 三民網路書店. [2019-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-17）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 The Magazine of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. 1919年: 444–445. （英文）
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Eugene R. Smith (编). The Gospel in All Lands. New York: Eaton & Mains. 1894年1月: 220. （英文）
  4. ^ Eugene R. Smith (编). The Gospel in All Lands 21. New York: Eaton & Mains. 1900年1月: 469. （英文）
  5. ^ Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal 19. Presbyterian Mission Press. 1888年1月: 588. （英文）
  6. ^ 南市沧桑 --- 汇文中学美名彰. 天津档案网. [2019-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-01）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 The Missionary Review of the World. Missionary Review Publishing Company. 1919年: 1027. （英文）
  8. ^ 美以美會華北會議年錄 (PDF): 44. 1900年 [2017-06-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-02-01）. （英文）
  9. ^ 【图文】天足会走出天津女大脚. 天津青年报. [2017-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-21）.  参数|newspaper=与模板{{cite web}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite news}}或|website=） (帮助)
  10. ^ The China Medical Missionary Journal. The Association. 1898年: 117. （英文）
  11. ^ 近代传教士与西方列强（之五） ——参与八国联军的侵略及抢劫. 人民网. 2000年12月29日 [2017-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2004-12-14）. 
  12. ^ Diana Preston. The Boxer Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900. Bloomsbury Publishing. June 2000: 244. ISBN 978-0-8027-1361-2. （英文）
  13. ^ From Tientsin to Peking with the Allied Forces. www.baumanrarebooks.com. [2017-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-30）. （英文）
  14. ^ Frederick Brown. From Tientsin to Peking with the Allied Forces. 北京市: C.H. Kelly. 1902年. ISBN 9781151315830. （英文）
  15. ^ 寶復禮. 《八國聯軍侵華戰爭回憶錄》. 宋美盈, 李茜茜, 何彩琴译. 北京市: 东方出版社. 2015年3月. ISBN 9787506077194. 
  16. ^ The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal. American Presbyterian Mission Press. 1908年: 462. ISBN 9781176373662. （英文）
  17. ^ Frederick Brown. China's Dayspring After Thirty Years. Murray and Evenden. 1913年. ISBN 9781171667063. （英文）
  18. ^ Frederick Brown. "Boxer" and Other China Memories. 北平: Arthur H. Stockwell. 1936年. OCLC 558121329. （英文）
  19. ^ Bp. James Whitford Bashford. China and Methodism. Jennings and Graham. 1906年: 111. （英文）
  20. ^ The Christian Advocate 89. Hunt & Eaton. 1914年: 1600. （英文）
  21. ^ Fred R. Brown Papers. M. E. Grenander Department of Special Collections & Archives, University at Albany Libraries. [2019-02-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-17）. （英文）

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