姐妹倆

《姐妹倆》（The Sisters），愛爾蘭作家喬伊斯短篇小說，發表於1904年8月13日，筆名為Stephen Dædulus，收錄於《都柏林人》一書。


1895年7月1日詹姆斯·福林神父因第三次中風死於癱瘓。“我”是故事中的主角，他的舅媽帶他去去哀悼死者。到達現場時，“太陽已經下山了；但是房子西向的玻璃窗仍然映照著鑲著金黃邊的大片雲朵。”舅媽就緊緊握住蘭妮的雙手，表達無限的哀傷。主角假裝在禱告，思緒卻無法集中，“彷彿看到老神父正躺在棺材裏對著我微笑”。“他一臉惡相，臉色蒼白，面孔腫大”。後來大家一起在客廳裡喝起小酒，討論後事。後來漸引導出福林神父生前不得志，“因為他打破了那只聖杯”，從此以後，他就悶悶不樂，不和人家打交道……有時“一個人在黑漆漆的懺悔室裏，眼睛睜得大大的，自顧自地發笑著”。艾莉莎繼續說：「眼睛睜得大大的，自顧自地發笑著……於是，當然，他們一見到這一幕，就知道他真的是出了問題……。」


登場人物

  • 男孩 （說故事的人）
  • 詹姆斯·福林（James Flynn），往生的神父
  • 艾莉莎·福林 （Eliza Flynn），神父的妹妹
  • 蘭妮·福林 （Nannie Flynn），神父的妹妹
  • 老佃農
  • 男孩的舅媽
  • 男孩的舅舅

參考書目

  • Albert, Leonard, "Gnomonology: Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 2 (winter 1990), pp. 353–364.
  • Benstock, Bernard, "Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Explicator, vol. 24 (September 1965), item 1.
  • Benstock, Bernard, "'The Sisters' and the Critics," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 1 (Fall 1966), pp. 32–35.
  • Boldrini, Lucia. "'The Sisters' and the 'Inferno': an intertextual network," Style, vol. 25, issue 3 (Fall 1991), pp. 453–465.
  • Booker, M. K., "History and Language in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, vol. 33, no. 2 (Spring 1991), pp. 217–233.
  • Bowen, Zack, "Joyce's Prophylactic Paralysis: Exposure in Dubliners," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 3 (Spring 1982), pp 257–273.
  • Bremen, Brian A., "'He Was Too Scrupulous Always': A Re-examination of Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 1 (Fall 1984), pp. 55–66.
  • Brandabur, Edward, "'The Sisters,'" pp. 333–343 in: Joyce, James, "Dubliners": Text, Criticism, and Notes, ed. Robert Scholes and A. Walton Litz, New York: Viking Press, 1969.
  • Burman, Jack, "'A Rhetorician's Dream': Joyce's Revision of 'The Sisters'," Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 16, Issue 1 (Winter 1979), pp. 55–59.
  • Chadwick, Joseph, "Silence in 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 3 (Spring 1984), pp. 245-255.
  • Connolly, Thomas E., "Joyce's 'The Sisters': A Pennyworth of Snuff," College English, vol.27, no. 3 (December 1965), pp. 189–195.
  • Corrington, John William, "'The Sisters'" pp. 13–25 in: Hart, Clive (ed.), James Joyce's Dubliners: Critical Essays, London: Faber & Faber, 1969.
  • Crawford, Claudia, "James Joyce's 'The Sisters': A Letter-L-Analysis," American Imago: Studies in Psychoanalysis and Culture, vol. 41, no. 2 (Summer 1984), pp. 181-199.
  • Cronin, Edward J., "James Joyce's Trilogy and Epilogue: 'The Sisters,' 'An Encounter,' 'Araby,' and 'The Dead,'" Renascence: Essays on Value in Literature, vol. 31 (1979), pp. 229-248.
  • Dædalus, Stephen (Joyce pseudonym), "The Sisters," The Irish Homestead, August 13, 1904, pp. 676–7
  • Dettmar, Kevin J. H., "From Interpretation to 'Intrepidation': Joyce's 'The Sisters' as a Precursor of the Postmodern Mystery," pp. 149-165 in: Walker, Ronald G. (ed.) and Frazer, June M. (ed.), The Cunning Craft: Original Essays on Detective Fiction and Contemporary Literary Theory, Macomb: Western Illinois Univ.; 1990.
  • Dilworth, Thomas, "Not 'too much noise': Joyce's 'The Sisters' in Irish Catholic Perspective, Twentieth Century Literature, vol. 39, no. 1 (Spring 1993) pp. 99–112.
  • Doherty, G., "The Art of Confessing: Silence and Secrecy in James Joyce's The 'Sisters'", James Joyce Quarterly, vols. 35/36, nos. 4/1 (Summer/Fall 1998), pp. 657–664.
  • Doherty, Paul C., "Words as Idols: The Epiphany in James Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" CEA Critic, vol. 32 (October 1969), pp. 10–11.
  • Duffy, Edward, "'The Sisters' as the Introduction to Dubliners," Papers on Language & Literature, vol. 22, Issue 4 (Fall 1986), p417–428.
  • Fabian, David R., "Joyce's 'The Sisters': Gnomon, Gnomic, Gnome," Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 5 (Winter 1968), pp. 187–189.
  • Fahey, William, "Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Explicator, vol. 17 (January 1959), item 26.
  • Ferguson, Suzanne, "A Sherlook at Dubliners: Structural and Thematic Analogues in Detective Stories and the Modern Short Story," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 16, nos. 1/2 (Fall 1978/1979), pp. 111–121.
  • Fischer, Therese, "From Reliable to Unreliable Narrator: Rhetorical Changes in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 9, no. 1 (Fall 1971), pp. 85–92.
  • French, Marilyn, "Joyce and Language," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 19, no.3 (Spring 1982), pp. 239–255.
  • Geary, Edward A. "Undecidability in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 26 (Summer 1989), pp. 305–310.
  • Gleeson, W. F., jr., "Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Explicator, vol. 22 (December 1963), item 30.
  • Harty, John, "The Doubling of Dublin Messages in 'The Sisters,'" Notes on Modern Irish Literature, vol. 4 (1992), pp. 42–44.
  • Herring, Phillip, "Structure and Meaning in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" pp. 131–144 in: Benstock, Bernard (ed.), The Seventh of Joyce, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.
  • Kennedy, Eileen, "'Lying Still': Another Look at 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 4 (Summer 1975), pp. 362–370.
  • Kuehl, John, "a la joyce: The Sisters Fitgerald's Absolution," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 2, no. 1 (Fall 1964), pp. 2–6.
  • Lachtman, Howard, "The Magic-Lantern Business: James Joyce's Ecclesiastical Satire in Dubliners," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 2 (Winter 1970), pp. 82–92.
  • Leonard, G. M., "The Free Man's Journal: The Making of History in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Modern Fiction Studies, vol 36, no.4 (Winter 1990), pp. 455–482.
  • Lyons, J. B., "Animadversions on Paralysis as a Symbol in 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 11, no. 3 (Spring 1974), pp. 257–265.
  • Magalaner, Marvin, "'The Sisters' of James Joyce," University of Kansas City Review, vol. 18 (Summer 1952), pp. 255–261.
  • McDermott, John V., "Joyce's 'The Sisters'," The Explicator vol. 51, no. 4 (Summer 1993), pp. 236–237.
  • Morrissey, L. J., "Joyce's Revision of 'The Sisters': From Epicleti to Modern Fiction," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 24, no. 1 (Fall 1986), pp. 33–54.
  • Murphy, T. P., "James Joyce and narrative territory: The distinct functions of lost time in 'An Encounter' and 'The Sisters,'" Journal of Literary Semantics, vol. 33, no. 2 (2004), pp. 131–154.
  • Newell, Kenneth B., "The Sin of Knowledge in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Ball State University Forum, vol. 20, no. 3 (1979), pp. 44–53.
  • Reynolds, Michael S., "The Feast of the Most Precious Blood and Joyce's 'The Sisters'" Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 6 (Spring 1969), p. 336.
  • Robinson, David W., "The Narration of Reading in Joyce's 'The Sisters', 'An Encounter', and 'Araby,'" Texas Studies in Literature and Language, vol. 29, no. 4 (Winter 1987), pp. 377–396.
  • Roughley, Alan, "Writing Disgust: Joyce's Articulation of the Abject in The Sisters," Mattoid, vol. 48 (1994), pp. 213-224.
  • San Juan, Epifanio, jr., "Method and Meaning in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Die Neuren Sprachen, vol. 20 (1971), pp. 490–496.
  • Senn, Fritz, "'He was too scrupulous always': Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 2, no. 2 (Winter 1965), pp.66–72.
  • Schork, R. J., "Liturgical Irony in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Studies in Short fiction, vol. 26, no. 2 (Spring 1989), pp. 193–197.
  • Spielberg, Peter, "'The Sisters': No Christ at Bethany," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 3, no. 3 (Spring 1966), pp. 192–195.
  • Staley, T. F., "A Beginning: Signification, Story, and Discourse in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Genre, vol. 12, no. 4 (Winter 1979), pp. 533–549.
  • Stein, William Bysshe, "Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Explicator, vol. 20 (March 1962), item 61.
  • Stein, William Bysshe, "Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Explicator, vol. 21 (September 1962), item 2.
  • Swartzlander, S. "James Joyce's 'The sisters': chalices and umbrellas, Ptolemaic Memphis and Victorian Dublin," Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 32, no. 3 (Summ 1995), pp. 295-306.
  • Torchiana, Donald T., "The Opening of Dubliners: A Reconsideration," Irish University Review, vol. 1 (Spring 1971), pp. 149-160.
  • Waisbren, Burton A. and Walzl, Florence L., "Paresis and the Priest: James Joyce's Symbolic Use of Syphilis in 'The Sisters,'" Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 80, no. 6 (June 1974), pp. 758–762.
  • Walzl, Florence L., "A Date in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Texas Studies in Literature and Language, vol. 4 (Summer 1962), pp. 183–187.
  • Walzl, Florence L., "Joyce's 'The Sisters': A Development," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 4 (Summer 1973), pp. 375–421.
  • Walzl, Florence L., "The Life Chronology of Dubliners," James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 14, no. 4 (Summer 1977), pp. 408–415.
  • West, Michael, "Old Cotter and the Enigma of Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" Modern Philology, vol. 67, no. 4 (May 1970), pp. 370–372.
  • Wohlpart, A. James, "Laughing in the Confession-Box: Vows of Silence in Joyce's 'The Sisters,'" James Joyce Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 3 (Spring 1993), pp. 409–417.
  • Zlotnick, Joan, "Dubliners in Winesburg, Ohio: A Note on Joyce's 'The Sisters' and Anderson's 'The Philosopher'," Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 12, issue 412 (Fall 1975), pp. 405–407.

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