妊娠期

此條目介紹的是雌性哺乳动物从受精至分娩的期間。关于計算懷孕週期，请见「孕齡」。

妊娠期（gestational period，period of pregnancy）是指雌性哺乳动物从受精至分娩的这段时间。 [1]不同的动物的妊娠期是不同的。

持续时间

大多数物种妊娠期的长短取决于胎儿出生时的体型。小型动物的妊娠期通常比大型动物短。 [2] 例如，猫的妊娠期为58-65天，而大象的妊娠期为21个月[3] 可是，并非所有物种的妊娠期都取决于胎儿的体型，尤其是那些只在每年食物充足的繁殖期才生产的物种。[2]

各种其他因素也可以影响妊娠期的持续时间。对人类而言，男婴通常比女婴和多胎妊娠需要更长的妊娠期。[2] 种族不同也可能改变妊娠期长短。[4]

不同的动物的妊娠期

1917年的动物妊娠起日历。
哺乳动物 妊娠期（天）
羊驼 335-366[5][6]
狒狒 187
美洲黑熊 220 [7]
灰熊 215
北极熊 241
美洲野牛 217
双峰驼 360-420
猫 58–67, 平均64
黑猩猩 230–250
南美洲栗鼠 105–115 [8]
花栗鼠 31
奶牛 279–292
白尾鹿 201
狗 58–65, 平均61
驴 365
海象 456
亚洲象 617
非洲象 645
麋鹿 240–250
欧洲水鼬 38-76 [8]
白鼬 41-42 [8]
赤狐 52
沙鼠 22-26 [8]
长颈鹿 420–450
山羊 145–155
大猩猩 255-260
豚鼠 56-74 [8]
仓鼠 16-23
河马 225–250
马 330–342
人 259-280
袋鼠 42
豹 92–95
狮 108
美洲驼 330
貂 40–75
恒河猴 164
驼鹿 240–250
小鼠 19
田鼠 21
麝鼠 28–30
北美负鼠 12–13
水獭 60-86
家猪 114–116[9]
豪猪 210
美洲狮 90
家兔 28–35, 平均31-32 [8]
浣熊 63
大鼠 21-23 [10]
黑犀牛 450
海豹 330
加州海狮 350
绵羊 144–151
灰松鼠 30–40
虎 105–113
抹香鲸 480–590
狼 60–68
毛鼻袋熊 26–28
格兰特氏斑马 361-390

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ Gestation period. McGraw-Hill's AccessScience Encyclopedia of Science & Technology Online. McGraw-Hill. [2015-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-13）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 gestation. Britannica - The Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica. [2015-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）. 
  3. ^ Average Animal Gestation Periods and Incubation Times. MSN Encarta. Microsoft. [2015-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-01）. 
  4. ^ Does gestation vary by ethnic group? A London-based study of over 122000 pregnancies with spontaneous of labour. International Journal of Epidemiology. [2015-11-21]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-11）. 
  5. ^ Paris Hill Farm. Alpacas 101. [2012-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-11）. 
  6. ^ Northwest Alpacas. Alpaca Q&A. [2012-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-21）. 
  7. ^ University of Michigan. Ursus Americanus. [2013-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-04）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Anamnese en lichamelijk onderzoek bij gezelschapsdieren, A.Rijnberk, F.J.van Sluis, 2nd print, Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2005, (Current Dutch veterinary examination study book for small domestic mammals)
  9. ^ Botaya, Emilio Magallón. Husbandry and Management Practices in Farrowing Units: Farrowing. I. Grupo Asís Biomedia, 2014.
  10. ^ The Laboratory Rat , 2nd Edition, Eds. Mark A. Sucklow, Steven H. Weisbroth, and Craig L. Franklin. Page 151.

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