大急流城

大急流城
City of Grand Rapids
從上到下從左到右:市中心天際線、Meyer May House傑拉爾德·福特博物館
亞歷山大·考爾德的雕塑《La Grande Vitesse》、格蘭德河上的人行橋、范安德尔竞技场大峽谷州立大學的Cook–DeVos Center
大急流城旗幟
旗幟
大急流城的位置
坐标:42°57′40″N 85°39′20″W / 42.96111°N 85.65556°W / 42.96111; -85.65556
國家美國
密歇根州
肯特郡
建立1826年
获承认1850年
政府
 • 市長喬治·哈特
面积
 • 城市45.27 平方英里(117.25 平方公里)
 • 陸地44.40 平方英里(115.00 平方公里)
 • 水域0.87 平方英里(2.25 平方公里)  1.92%
海拔640 英尺(200 公尺)
人口(2010)[3]
 • 城市188,040人
 • 估计(2016)196,445
 • 排名全美第122
 • 密度4,154人/平方英里(1,604人/平方公里)
 • 市区 (2010)569,935
 • 都會區1,038,583[1](全美第52)
 • CSA1,421,374[2](全美第38)
时区北美東部時間UTC-5
 • 夏时制北美東部夏令時間UTC-4
郵編49501, 49502, 49503, 49504, 49505, 49506, 49507, 49508, 49510, 49514, 49515, 49516, 49518, 49523, 49525, 49534, 49546, 49548, 49555, 49560, 49588, 49594
FIPS編碼26-34000
GNIS ID0627105[4]
網站www.grcity.us

大急流城英語Grand Rapids),又译格兰德拉皮兹大湍城大急流市,是美國密歇根州的第二大城市,肯特郡郡治所在地。

历史

法国人密歇根州建立领土后,耶稣会传教士和商人就沿着密歇根湖及其支流旅行。19世纪初,欧洲毛皮商人(主要是法裔加拿大人梅蒂人)和传教士在渥太华地区设立了哨所。他们过着和平的生活,用欧洲的金属和纺织品买卖毛皮。

地理与气候

大急流城属溫帶大陸性濕潤氣候,四季分明。冬季寒冷而漫长,潮湿,日照少,日最高气温低于或等于0 °C(32 °F)的平均日数为51天,日最低气温低于或等于−15 °C(5 °F)的平均日数为10.2天,−20 °C(−4 °F)以下的有2.2天;夏季相对炎热潮湿,日最高气温达30 °C(86 °F)的日数年均有28天,35 °C(95 °F)以上的气温只出现在40%以下的夏季。[5]最冷月(1月)均温−4.0 °C(24.8 °F),极端最低气温−31 °C(−24 °F)(1899年2月13日与14日)。[5]最热月(7月)均温22.7 °C(72.8 °F),极端最高气温42 °C(108 °F)(1936年7月13日)。[5]无霜期平均为166天(4月30日至10月14日);可测量降雪平均期为11月6日至4月9日。[5]年均降水量约1,000毫米(39.4英寸),年极端最少降水量为531毫米(20.92英寸)(1930年),最多为1,305毫米(51.37英寸)(2019年)。[5]年均降雪量为197厘米(77.6英寸);1905–06年的降雪量最少,积累降雪量只有51厘米(20.0英寸),1951–52年的降雪量最多,积累降雪量为3.35米(132.0英寸)。[5]

密西根州大急流城(杰拉尔德·福特国际机场英语Gerald R. Ford International Airport),1991–2020年正常值,1892年至今极端数据
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °C(°F) 19
(66)
23
(73)
31
(87)
32
(90)
35
(95)
39
(102)
42
(108)
39
(102)
37
(98)
32
(89)
27
(81)
21
(69)
42
(108)
平均最高温 °C(°F) 10.7
(51.3)
11.1
(51.9)
19.9
(67.9)
26.2
(79.2)
30.0
(86.0)
33.2
(91.8)
33.6
(92.5)
32.8
(91.1)
31.0
(87.8)
26.0
(78.8)
18.5
(65.3)
12.4
(54.4)
34.6
(94.3)
平均高温 °C(°F) −0.6
(31.0)
0.9
(33.7)
6.9
(44.5)
14.3
(57.8)
21.0
(69.8)
26.3
(79.4)
28.4
(83.1)
27.2
(80.9)
23.3
(73.9)
15.9
(60.7)
8.4
(47.2)
2.3
(36.1)
14.6
(58.2)
平均低温 °C(°F) −7.4
(18.6)
−6.9
(19.5)
−2.8
(26.9)
2.9
(37.3)
9.2
(48.6)
14.6
(58.3)
16.9
(62.5)
16.2
(61.2)
11.7
(53.1)
5.7
(42.2)
0.4
(32.8)
−4.1
(24.7)
4.7
(40.5)
平均最低温 °C(°F) −19.3
(−2.8)
−17.8
(0.0)
−13.6
(7.5)
−5.1
(22.9)
0.8
(33.4)
6.7
(44.0)
10.6
(51.0)
9.6
(49.3)
3.7
(38.6)
−1.9
(28.6)
−7.3
(18.9)
−14.3
(6.3)
−21.3
(−6.3)
历史最低温 °C(°F) −30
(−22)
−31
(−24)
−25
(−13)
−16
(3)
−6
(21)
0
(32)
5
(41)
4
(39)
−3
(27)
−8
(18)
−23
(−10)
−28
(−18)
−31
(−24)
平均降水量 mm(英寸) 64
(2.52)
54
(2.12)
61
(2.39)
101
(3.99)
102
(4.00)
100
(3.94)
98
(3.86)
90
(3.55)
87
(3.43)
102
(4.02)
79
(3.10)
63
(2.48)
1,001
(39.40)
平均降雪量 cm(英寸) 57
(22.6)
44
(17.2)
19
(7.6)
5.1
(2.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.76
(0.3)
18
(7.1)
53
(20.8)
197
(77.6)
平均降水天数(≥ 0.01 in) 16.8 13.1 11.8 12.8 12.5 10.7 10.0 9.9 10.2 12.5 12.9 15.5 148.7
平均降雪天数(≥ 0.1 in) 14.9 11.2 5.9 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.5 11.9 50.9
平均相對濕度(%) 79 76 71 66 66 69 71 75 76 75 77 80 73
月均日照時數 88.3 116.0 168.2 210.2 255.9 286.8 296.5 264.2 206.0 152.4 82.0 62.1 2,188.6
可照百分比 30 39 45 52 56 62 64 61 55 45 28 22 49
数据来源:NOAA(1981–2010年相对湿度;1961–1990年日照)[6][5][7][8]

参考文件

  1. ^ Metro Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. [March 28, 2015]. 
  2. ^ CSA Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. [March 28, 2015]. 
  3. ^ Population Estimates. United State Census Bureau. [2018-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-14). 
  4. ^ US Board on Geographic Names. United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2001 [January 31, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-03). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [2024-02-29]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-30). 
  6. ^ Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020 (pdf). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [2021-05-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-11). 
  7. ^ WMO Climate Normals for GRAND RAPIDS/KENT CO INT'L AR,MI 1961–1990. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. [2014-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-17). 
  8. ^ Local Climatological Data Annual Summary with Comparative Data for GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN (KGRR) (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 3. [2022-06-15]. 

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