大不列顛的卡洛琳公主

卡洛琳·伊麗莎白公主
Princess Caroline Elizabeth
出生1713年6月10日
汉诺威选侯国汉诺威海伦豪森宫
逝世1757年12月28日(1757歲—12—28)(44歲)
 英国倫敦圣詹姆士宫
安葬1758年1月5日
王朝汉诺威王朝
父親乔治二世
母親勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫的卡罗琳

大不列颠的卡洛琳·伊麗莎白公主(英语:Princess Caroline Elizabeth of Great Britain;1713年6月10日—1757年12月28日),英国公主,英王乔治二世和王后勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫的卡罗琳的第四个孩子和第三女,英王乔治三世的姑母。卡洛琳公主终身未婚。

早年生活

卡洛琳和她的姐妹们——安妮公主阿米莉亚

卡洛琳公主于1713年6月10日生于神圣罗马帝国汉诺威选侯国汉诺威海伦豪森宫,父亲为汉诺威选帝侯乔治·路易之子汉诺威选侯储君乔治·奥古斯都(后来的英王乔治二世),母亲为布蘭登堡-安斯巴赫藩侯之女勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫的卡罗琳[1]。作为汉诺威选帝侯的孙女,她出生被称为汉诺威的卡洛琳公主(Princess Caroline of Hanover)。根据1701年嗣位法令,卡洛琳也是英国王位继承顺位的第7顺位继承人,仅此于她的兄弟姐妹、父亲和祖父,但高于姑母普鲁士王后索菲亚·桃乐西婭。卡洛琳于出生隔日即6月11日在海伦豪森宫洗礼[2]

在英国的生活

卡洛琳出生的隔年——1714年,安妮女王逝世。祖父乔治·路易成为国王乔治一世,父亲乔治·奥古斯都成为威尔士亲王。同年,卡洛琳随母亲勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫的卡罗琳和两个姐姐安妮公主阿米莉亚一同迁居英国,并居住在圣詹姆士宫,并改称为英国公主。一份最新归属的1728年1月至2月清单记录了她的个人开支,包括对伦敦几个新教团体的慈善捐款[3]。1722年,在其母亲的指示下,卡洛琳接受了天花的人痘接种法[4]

卡洛琳是其母亲最喜欢的女儿[5],并被称为“说实话者卡洛琳·伊丽莎白”(the truth-telling Caroline Elizabeth)或“热爱真相者卡洛琳”(the truth-loving Caroline)[6]。每当王室子女出现分歧或争执她的父母会说:“派人去叫卡洛琳,然后我们就会知道真相!”。根据约翰·多兰博士的说法:“卡洛琳受到父母毫无保留的爱戴,值得父母的关爱,并以热切的依恋作为回报。她公平、善良、有成就,但并不快乐。”

晚年生活和死亡

人们普遍相信卡洛琳的不幸是源自于她与第二代赫維男爵約翰·赫維的爱情。赫維是个双性恋(据说与卡洛琳的哥哥威尔士亲王弗雷德里克有染),并且还与宫廷的几位女士有染[來源請求]。赫维于1743年去世后,卡洛琳在去世前一直隐居在圣詹姆士宫,只有她的家人和最亲密的朋友才能进入[7]。尽管如此,她仍然为慈善事业慷慨解囊[7]。1757年12月28日,卡洛琳公主在圣詹姆士宫薨逝,享年44岁,未婚无子,成为死于父亲前的子女之一。1758年1月5日葬于威斯敏斯特大教堂

霍勒斯·沃波爾在谈到卡洛琳逝世时说道:“尽管多年来她的健康状况一直非常危险,而且对许多人来说,她的健康状况一直处于绝对隔离状态,但从某种程度上来说,她的疾病是新的、突然的,她的死亡是出乎意料的。她的善良是始终如一的,她的慷慨是巨大的,她的慈善事业是最广泛的;简而言之,我,不是保皇党人,可以对她大肆赞扬。”[8]

头衔、称号及纹章

  • 1713年06月10日-1714年08月01日:汉诺威的卡洛琳公主殿下
    Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline of Hanover
  • 1714年08月01日-1757年12月28日:卡洛琳公主殿下
    Her Highness Princess Caroline

纹章

卡洛琳作为君主之女得以使用皇家徽章,并以三分银的标签加以区别。每一点装饰着三个都铎玫瑰。并由英格兰的狮子和苏格兰的独角兽扶着盾牌。盾徽上的皇冠为君主之女的冠冕。[9]

卡洛琳公主的皇家徽章

參考資料

  1. ^ Lodge, Edmund. The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage: With Sketches of the Family Histories of the Nobility. Saunders and Otley. 1838: 5 [9 June 2018]. 
  2. ^ Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings. [2008-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-06). 
  3. ^ Ilias Chrissochoidis, "Princess Carolina's list of monthly expenses, January–February 1727/8," Notes & Queries 58/3 (September 2011), 401–403.
  4. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 83
  5. ^ Van der Kiste, p. 163
  6. ^ Lives of the Princesses of Wales, page 160
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Van der Kiste, p. 197
  8. ^ Gland, N. The royal princesses of England, from the reign of George the First. GEORGE ROUTLEDGE AND SON. 1871: 123. 
  9. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family. [2023-09-28]. (原始内容存档于2018-03-17). 

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