多赛益

多赛益馬來語Dol Said,1773年—1849年),全名拿督阿都拉赛益(馬來語Dato Abdul Said),是19世紀时南寧地區英语Naning(Naning)第九任馬來酋長[1]。他來自Semelenggang部落[2],他很小的時候就表現出他的勇氣,自六歲起就學武術。他來自很貧窮的家庭,很聽父母的話。[3]他在1799年26歲時繼承安惹(Anjak)擔任酋長職位[4]。多赛益反對英國在南寧的政策,反對英國在南寧徵稅,並拒絕交稅。這是被稱為南寧戰爭的一個直接原因。

多赛益反抗英國原因

維持南寧獨立性

英國跟荷蘭簽署了1824年英荷條約。根據這個條約,英國成功拿到馬六甲。英國說南寧是馬六甲的一部分,可是多赛益和南寧人民說不是。英國要南寧遵守馬六甲的法律,可是多赛益和南寧人民不接受。

英國法律的實施

英國出台的南寧酋長條例使多赛益失去權力,酋長被禁止審判刑事案件。1828年,多赛益被警告不可以審案,否則將會失去酋長職位。

反對納稅

英國知道南寧的月入甚高,在1830年通過法令,規定南寧得給十分之一的農產品稅。 [5]

多赛益反抗英國的過程

多赛益的反抗引致英國於1831年7月15日派遣150名士兵,由威利上尉帶領攻取南寧。但南寧方面得到其他馬來盟友──包括雙溪芙蓉(Sungai Ujong)、神安池(Seri Menanti)、柔河英语Johol(Johol)和麻坡的援助,以游擊戰成功地捍衛自身。英國人吃了不少苦頭,了解到南寧實在不容易攻取,英國請求林茂(Rembau)的嚴端穆達拉惹阿里(Yamtuan Muda Raja Ali)增援。拉惹阿里同意派遣由賽益沙阿班(Syed Sha'aban)領導的600名士兵的部隊,協助英國攻擊南寧。拉惹阿里的舉措後來被不少當代馬來學者視為賣國。1832年3月,英國派遣一個更大的,包含1200人的部隊,攻擊多赛益的部隊。赫伯特上校(Colonel Herjibaibert)率領突擊南寧。在第二次襲擊中,南寧未能從它的鄰國接受軍事援助。隨後一個龐大的英國遠征軍以優良火砲壓境,強迫多赛益投降。英國成功打敗南寧並奪取打波能宁馬來語Taboh Naning(Taboh Naning),南寧的房屋被燒毀。 多赛益不得不屈從,最後投降,撤退到神安池(Seri Menanti),有效地結束戰爭。英國把馬六甲和南寧合併。[5]

評價和承傳

林茂的馬來人出賣了多赛益和南寧人民。林茂的馬來人從南寧人民的鮮血中奪得了戰爭勝利的果實。關於南寧戰爭的故事已經沒有被吹捧,雖然馬來人贏得了第一次南寧戰爭,英國始終是事實上的世界強國,在第二次南寧戰爭南寧還是被英國和馬六甲合併。

直到今天,多赛益在馬來西亞仍被稱為英雄。自1997年以來,馬來西亞的國家歷史教科書極力推崇的民族英雄,其在教科書的比重日益增加。 1997年的中二歷史教科書主要以圖片並輔以文字說明介紹,到了2003年新編中二教科書改以文字論述為主,圖片為輔,先後兩種教本度沙益約佔3頁的篇幅。[6]


參考文獻

莫哈末沙莫哈末赛益哈吉 (Mohd Shah bin Mohd Said al-Haj)(2000年)Tambo Alam Naning;馬來西亞國家語文局(DBP);ISBN:9836247211。

  1. ^ 馬來西亞觀光局:多赛益墓園[失效連結]
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2013-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-18). 馬來西亞新聞、資訊及文化部:多赛益
  3. ^ http://tokoh-sejarah-malaysia.blogspot.hk/p/dol-said.html页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Tokoh Sejarah Malaysia: Dol Said
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2013-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-18).  馬來西亞新聞、資訊及文化部:度沙益
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 http://ccsejarah.blogspot.hk/2010/02/form-2-bab-7.html页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 嘻嘻外的涩加辣笔记:中二歷史第七課:各州人民恢復國家主權的鬥爭
  6. ^ http://www.orientaldaily.com.my/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=31607:&Itemid=201页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) 馬來西亞東方日報:2012年11月17日:大馬民族英雄芻議

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