國際瀑布城

國際瀑布城
International Falls
國際瀑布城一景
國際瀑布城一景
綽號:英語:Icebox of the Nation[1]
(美國的冰箱)
國際瀑布城在康契欽縣和明尼蘇達州的位置
國際瀑布城在康契欽縣明尼蘇達州的位置
坐标:48°36′06″N 93°24′13″W / 48.601669444444°N 93.403680555556°W / 48.601669444444; -93.403680555556[2]
國家美國
明尼蘇達州
康契欽縣
設鎮1901年(設為康契欽村)
更名1903年(更名為國際瀑布)
改設市1909年
政府
 • 市長Bob Anderson
 • 市政機關國際瀑布城市議會
面积[3]
 • 总计6.53 平方英里(16.91 平方公里)
 • 陸地6.42 平方英里(16.63 平方公里)
 • 水域0.11 平方英里(0.28 平方公里)
海拔[2]1,122 英尺(342 公尺)
人口2010[4]
 • 總計6,424人
 • 估计(2012[5]6,357
 • 密度1,000.6人/平方英里(386.3人/平方公里)
时区CSTUTC-6
 • 夏时制CDTUTC-5
郵區編號56649
電話區號218
FIPS code27-31040 [2]
GNIS feature ID0645435 [2]
網站ci.international-falls.mn.us

國際瀑布城(英語:International Falls)是美國明尼蘇達州康契欽縣的縣治,位於雷尼河畔,與加拿大安大略省弗朗西斯堡隔河相望。2010人口為6,424人。

歷史

歐裔探險家、皮毛交易員和傳教士於17世紀便已到此處探索和作業,但此地待19世紀末期才出現永久性的歐裔人聚落[6]。此地隨之取名為“康契欽”(Koochiching);名稱在奧傑布瓦語中意為“相連的湖泊和河流”,指的是雷尼河雷尼湖[6]。康契欽於1901年正式建制為村,兩年後因其坐落美加邊境之上並位於雷尼河上一座瀑布而改稱國際瀑布[6]。美國企業家愛德華·巴克斯(Edward Backus)於20世紀初在此設立造紙工廠,並在河上築壩為工廠供電,刺激此地的發展,而國際瀑布則於1909年改設為市[6]

交通

國際瀑布城為美國53號和71號國道的北端起點,兩者在雷尼河濱駁上弗朗西斯堡-國際瀑布城國際大橋,在對岸駁上安大略11號和71號省道。53號國道自此往南伸延至杜魯斯,而71號國道則往南伸延至艾奧瓦州邊界。此外,明尼蘇達州11號州道亦貫穿國際瀑布城,西達北達科他州邊界,東至雷尼湖的布萊克灣(Black Bay)畔。71號國道和11號州道在市内的部分路段共構運行。

航空交通方面,瀑布城國際機場(Falls International Airport,IATA代碼:INL,ICAO代碼:KINL)提供航線來往明尼阿波利斯-聖保羅和布雷納德(Brainerd),而對岸加拿大弗朗西斯堡的機場則提供航線來往肯諾拉雷灣溫尼伯

人口

在2010年[4],城內住有6,424人、2,903戶和1,645個家庭,人口密度為每平方公里386.3人。其中白種人佔93.3%、非洲裔1.0%、原住民2.5%、亞洲裔0.2%、其他0.1%,2.8%人來自多個種族

18歲以下人口佔21.9%,18至24歲佔8.6%,25至44歲佔22.4%,45至64歲佔27.3%,65歲以上佔19.8%。年齡中位數是42.4歲。

據2000年人口普查所示,市內男性、女性和家庭收入中位數分別是$41,584、$20,053和$41,458,人均收入是$19,171。約10.0%家庭及14.5%人口處於貧窮線以下,包括18歲以下人士的20.5%和65歲以上人士的12.3%。

地理

美國人口調查局資料顯示,城市總面積6.53平方英里(16.91平方公里),其中6.42平方英里(16.63平方公里)是陸地,而剩下的0.11平方英里(0.28平方公里)是水域,佔總面積百分之2.03。[3]

氣候

國際瀑布城位處北美大陸的中央位置,屬溫帶大陸性濕潤氣候柯本氣候分類法Dfb),夏季炎熱潮濕、冬季寒冷。1月平均氣溫為2.7 °F(−16.3 °C),每年平均有58晚的低溫達0 °F(−18 °C)或以下[7]。12月至2月間只有14–15日的高溫達冰點或以上,加上平均每季達71.6英寸(182厘米)的降雪,令街頭長期積雪[7]。春秋兩季歷時短暫,但氣溫相當緩和。7月平均氣溫為65.2 °F(18.4 °C);每年平均只有約3.2日的高溫達90 °F(32 °C)。平均年降水量為24.1英寸(612毫米),降水主要集中於較溫暖的月份。記錄中最高溫度為103 °F(39 °C),最低溫度則為−55 °F(−48 °C),兩者差距為158華氏度(87.8攝氏度)。國際瀑布城經常被列為美國本土最冷的城市,並有「美國的冰箱」(Icebox of the Nation)之稱[1]

國際瀑布城(1981年-2010年)
月份 1月 2月 3月 4月 5月 6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 12月 全年
历史最高温 °F(°C) 49
(9)
58
(14)
79
(26)
93
(34)
95
(35)
101
(38)
103
(39)
96
(36)
96
(36)
88
(31)
73
(23)
56
(13)
103
(39)
平均高温 °F(°C) 15.4
(−9.2)
22.0
(−5.6)
34.7
(1.5)
51.5
(10.8)
64.8
(18.2)
73.2
(22.9)
77.8
(25.4)
75.9
(24.4)
65.4
(18.6)
51.1
(10.6)
33.7
(0.9)
19.0
(−7.2)
48.7
(9.3)
平均低温 °F(°C) −6.6
(−21.4)
−1.3
(−18.5)
12.5
(−10.8)
27.1
(−2.7)
38.7
(3.7)
48.4
(9.1)
52.6
(11.4)
50.7
(10.4)
41.8
(5.4)
31.0
(−0.6)
17.4
(−8.1)
0.4
(−17.6)
26.1
(−3.3)
历史最低温 °F(°C) −55
(−48)
−48
(−44)
−38
(−39)
−14
(−26)
8
(−13)
23
(−5)
32
(0)
27
(−3)
19
(−7)
2
(−17)
−32
(−36)
−41
(−41)
−55
(−48)
平均降水量 英寸(mm) 0.61
(15)
0.54
(14)
0.94
(24)
1.51
(38)
2.85
(72)
3.92
(100)
3.70
(94)
2.81
(71)
2.98
(76)
2.08
(53)
1.38
(35)
0.80
(20)
24.12
(613)
平均降雪量 英寸(cm) 15.1
(38)
10.8
(27)
7.9
(20)
6.6
(17)
0.2
(0.51)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.1
(0.25)
2.2
(5.6)
13.6
(35)
15.2
(39)
71.6
(182)
平均降水天数(≥ 0.01 in) 9.3 7.9 8.8 8.7 12.4 13.7 11.9 11.0 11.9 11.7 10.0 10.7 127.9
平均降雪天数(≥ 0.1 in) 12.7 10.0 7.7 3.4 0.6 0 0 0 0.2 2.4 9.5 12.7 59.1
数据来源:美國國家海洋及大氣管理局[7]

流行文化

美國動畫《波波鹿與飛天鼠》(The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show)的背景地點凍瘡瀑布城(Frostbite Falls)是取材自現實中的國際瀑布城[1]

美國電視佈道人菲伊·塔米的家鄉就是此地。

參考來源

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Frequently Asked Questions. International Falls Area Chamber of Commerce. [2014-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-18). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) details for International Falls, Minnesota; United States Geological Survey (USGS); January 11, 1980.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 US Gazetteer files 2010. United States Census Bureau. [2012-11-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-14). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. [2012-11-13]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-17). 
  5. ^ Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau. [2013-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2013-06-17). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 International Falls History. International Falls Area Chamber of Commerce. [2014-03-21]. (原始内容存档于2014-03-21). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data. 美國國家海洋及大氣管理局. [2012-11-17]. (原始内容存档于2014-07-14). 

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