^"pretty and decorated à la française" from "Gherardi and Hippolyte: The Admiral's State Reception at Port au Prince [sic]", The New York Times, 29 December 1889
^Plummer, Brenda Gayle. Race, Nationality, and Trade in the Caribbean: The Syrians in Haiti, 1903–1934. The International History Review. October 1981, 3 (4): 517–539. doi:10.1080/07075332.1981.9640260.
^"Explosion Kills Haitian President", The New York Times, 9 August 1912