国有企业改革

国有企业改革，是指中华人民共和国自改革开放以来对国有企业的形态，股权结构和基本制度进行的改革。计划经济时期，中国对国有企业实行“收支两条线”，国家为企业提供原材料并制定统一的生产计划，企业得到的利润统一上缴给国家，最后产品又由国家统一分配，企业没有生产经营自主权。国有企业改革在初期主要体现为增强企业的自主权，后期体现为国有企业治理结构和所有制的改革。[1]

历史发展

1979年7月，以“放权让利”为重点的企业改革在全国范围内正式开始。 国有企业改革初期，国家推行企业利润留成制度和工业经济责任制，打破了原有的高度集中管理体制，一定程度上调动了企业的生产积极性。

1983年初国家实行“利改税”政策，将国有企业财政缴款中的上缴利润改为缴纳所得税，是国家参与国有企业纯收入分配的一种改革。

1986年，国家在试点的基础是全面实行承包经营责任制和厂长负责制，承包责任制是利改税之后推行的改革措施，按照所有权与经营权分离的原则，企业与国家签订承包合同，企业保证完成承包合同规定的上缴税利指标，保证完成国家规定的技术改造任务，工资总额与实现利税挂钩。厂长作为企业的主要负责人和法人代表，对企业的全部经济活动负全责的企业领导。

1986年，股份制试点在国有中小企业中开展起来，试点主要以企业内部职工为股东进行。通过股份制改革，改善了承包责任制包盈不包亏，企业过度追求短期效益的现象。

1993年，十四届三中全会明确指出国有企业改革的方向是建立现代企业制度。中國九五期間當局又提出三改一加强（国有企业改革與改组、改造、加强管理结合起来）。[2]之后建立健全现代企业制度成为国有企业改革的主旋律，国有企业進入了新階段。

参考文献

  1. ^ 人民網 理論論述. [2013-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-14）. 
  2. ^ “九五”新名词：三改一加强. [2021-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-15）. 

Read other articles:

Edouard Daladier

Édouard Daladier perdana menteri PrancisMasa jabatan31 January 1933 – 26 October 1933PresidenAlbert Lebrun PendahuluJoseph Paul-BoncourPenggantiAlbert SarrautMasa jabatan30 January 1934 – 9 February 1934PresidenAlbert Lebrun PendahuluCamille ChautempsPenggantiGaston DoumergueMasa jabatan10 April 1938 – 21 March 1940PresidenAlbert Lebrun PendahuluLéon BlumPenggantiPaul Reynaud Informasi pribadiLahir18 June 1884Carpentras, Vaucluse, FranceMeninggal10 Oktober 1...

 

Diane Warren Presents Love Songs

Diane Warren Presents Love SongsAlbum kompilasi karya Diane WarrenDirilis1 November 20042 Januari 2006DirekamBerbagai waktuGenrePop Diane Warren Presents Love Songs adalah sebuah album kompilasi karya pencipta lagu berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat Diane Warren. Album ini dirilis dalam kurun waktu 2004 hingga 2006 di berbagai belahan dunia dengan berbagai versi daftar lagu. Album ini mengumpulkan lagu-lagu hit dunia ciptaan Diane Warren yang telah sukses dibawakan penyanyi terkenal seperti Ce...

 

Influenza D virus

Species of virus Influenza D virus Virus classification (unranked): Virus Realm: Riboviria Kingdom: Orthornavirae Phylum: Negarnaviricota Class: Insthoviricetes Order: Articulavirales Family: Orthomyxoviridae Genus: Deltainfluenzavirus Species: Influenza D virus Influenza D virus is a species in the virus genus Deltainfluenzavirus, in the family Orthomyxoviridae, that causes influenza. Influenza D viruses are known to infect pigs and cattle; no human infections from this virus have been obser...

Yasujirō Ozu

Yasujirō OzuLahir(1903-12-12)12 Desember 1903Tokyo, JepangMeninggal12 Desember 1963(1963-12-12) (umur 60)Tokyo, JepangSebab meninggalKankerPekerjaansutradaraTahun aktif1929 – 1963 Yasujirō Ozu (小津 安二郎code: ja is deprecated , Ozu Yasujirō, 12 Desember 1903 - 12 Desember 1963) adalah sutradara film dari Jepang yang berpengaruh. Ia dilahirkan di Fukagawa, Tokyo. Pada usia 10, ia dan saudara-saudaranya dikirim ibunya untuk tinggal di Matsuzaka, di mana ia kemudian d...

 

Lucien Van Impe

Belgian cyclist Lucien Van ImpeVan Impe at the 1975 Acht van ChaamPersonal informationFull nameLucien Van ImpeNicknamede kleine van MereBorn (1946-10-20) 20 October 1946 (age 77)Mere, BelgiumTeam informationCurrent teamRetiredDisciplineRoadRoleRiderRider typeClimbing specialistProfessional teams1969–1974Sonolor–Lejeune1975–1976Gitane–Campagnolo1977Lejeune–BP1978C&A1979Kas–Campagnolo1980Marc–Carlos–V.R.D.–Woningbouw1981Boston–Mavic1982-1984Metauro Mo...

 

HSC-12

HS-2 redirects here. For other uses, see HS2 (disambiguation). This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 12HSC-12 Golden Falcons insigniaActive7 March 1952 - presentCountryUnited States of AmericaBranch United States NavyTypeHelicopter SquadronSize239+ PersonnelPar...

Pete Sampras

Pete Sampras Pete Sampras nel 2008 Nazionalità  Stati Uniti Altezza 185 cm Peso 80 kg Tennis Termine carriera 2003 (ultimo match nel 2002) Carriera Singolare1 Vittorie/sconfitte 762 - 222 (77,44%) Titoli vinti 64 Miglior ranking 1º (12 aprile 1993) Risultati nei tornei del Grande Slam  Australian Open V (1994, 1997)  Roland Garros SF (1996)  Wimbledon V (1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000)  US Open V (1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002) Altri tornei  Tour Fina...

 

Larry Blyden

American game show host (1925–1975) Larry BlydenBlyden in 1962BornIvan Lawrence Blieden(1925-06-23)June 23, 1925Houston, Texas, U.S.DiedJune 6, 1975(1975-06-06) (aged 49)Agadir, MoroccoResting placeForest Park Lawndale CemeteryAlma materSouthwestern Louisiana InstituteUniversity of HoustonStella Adler Studio of ActingOccupation(s)Actor, stage producer and director, game show hostYears active1948–1975Spouse Carol Haney ​ ​(m. 1955; div.&#...

 

世界政區索引

此條目可能包含不适用或被曲解的引用资料，部分内容的准确性无法被证實。 (2023年1月5日)请协助校核其中的错误以改善这篇条目。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 各国相关 主題列表 索引 国内生产总值 石油储量 国防预算 武装部队（军事） 官方语言 人口統計 人口密度 生育率 出生率 死亡率 自杀率 谋杀率 失业率 储蓄率 识字率 出口额 进口额 煤产量 发电量 监禁率 死刑 国债 ...

درجات الزهري

درجات الزهري حول هذه الإحداثيات نظام 16 # ن ش ق (نقبة، إشباع، قيمة) (350°, 25%, 100%) المصدر ألوان الويب[1] ب: مضبوط وفق [0–255] (بايت) تعديل مصدري - تعديل   اللون الزهري له صبغات وظلال عديدة مابين الفاتح والغامق. هذه الألوان المختلفة موضحة أدناه. ألوان الويب الزهرية زهري زهري حول ه�...

 

كونداليزا رايز

كونداليزا رايز (بالإنجليزية: Condoleezza Rice)‏    مناصب مستشار الأمن القومي الأمريكي   في المنصب20 يناير 2001  – 26 يناير 2005  ساندي بيرغر  ستيفن هادلي  وزير الخارجية الأمريكي (66 )   في المنصب26 يناير 2005  – 20 يناير 2009  كولن باول  وليام بيرنز  معلومات شخصية ...

 

Atul Agnihotri

Indian film actor, producer and director Atul AgnihotriBorn (1970-07-08) 8 July 1970 (age 53)Delhi, India[1]OccupationsProducerdirectoractorYears active1983, 1993–2021Spouse Alvira Khan Agnihotri ​ ​(m. 1996)​[1]Children2RelativesSee Khan family Atul Agnihotri (born 8 July 1970) is an Indian actor, producer and director.[2] He started his Bollywood career as an actor, went on to direct two films, and found success as a fil...

UK Music

For music of the United Kingdom, see Music of the United Kingdom. Industry body A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) UK MusicFormation26 September 2008Legal statusAssociationPurposeIndustry representationHeadquartersWork.Life, 33 Foley Street, ...

 

南浦市

此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2014年2月24日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 南浦市朝鮮語名稱轉寫 • 諺文남포시 • 漢字南浦市 • 馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法 Nampo-si 簡稱轉寫 • 諺文남포 • 漢字南浦 • 馬科恩-賴肖爾表記法 Nampo 南浦�...

 

都家かつ江

都家（みやこや） かつ江（え）Katsue Miyakoya 本名 利根谷 タキ 生年月日 1909年3月15日 没年月日 (1983-09-29) 1983年9月29日（74歳没） 出身地 日本・東京府東京市浅草区日本堤 活動期間 1912年 - 1983年 活動内容 三味線漫談・漫才・俳優 配偶者 初代都家福丸（1927年 - 1947年） 家族 二代目都家福丸（娘） 所属 落語協会 表示 都家 かつ江（みやこや かつえ、本名：利根谷タキ、1909...

Peach-Pit (manga artist duo)

Manga artists from Japan Peach-PitNative nameピーチ・ピットCompany typeManga studioFounder Banri Sendo Shibuko Ebara HeadquartersJapan Peach-Pit (ピーチ・ピット, Pīchi Pitto) is a female manga artist duo in Japan, made up of Banri Sendo (千道 万里, Sendō Banri) and Shibuko Ebara (えばら 渋子, Ebara Shibuko). Their group name derives from the diner hangout Peach-Pit from the TV show Beverly Hills, 90210.[1] Although both have similar styles, with some artwork i...

 

Unkle

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento gruppi musicali è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Unkle Paese d'origine Inghilt...

 

Alba Torrens

Spanish basketball player In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Torrens and the second or maternal family name is Salom. Alba TorrensTorrens, playing for the Spanish senior team in 2021Valencia Basket (women)PositionSmall forwardPersonal informationBorn (1989-08-30) 30 August 1989 (age 34)Binissalem, SpainListed height6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)Listed weight176 lb (80 kg)Career informationWNBA draft2009: 3rd round, 36th overall pickSelected by the...

Lord of Parliament

Lowest rank of Scottish nobility This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Lord of Parliament – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This ...

 

Johann Pachelbel

German composer and organist (1653–1706) Pachelbel redirects here. For other people with this surname, see Pachelbel (surname). Johann PachelbelBornFree Imperial City of Nuremberg, Holy Roman EmpireBaptised11 September [O.S. 1 September] 1653Diedbefore 9 March 1706(1706-03-09) (aged 52)Free Imperial City of Nuremberg, Holy Roman EmpireWorksList of compositionsSpouses Barbara Gabler ​ ​(m. 1681; died 1683)​ Judith Drommer...