四(三苯基膦)钯

四(三苯基膦)钯
IUPAC名
四(三苯基膦)钯
别名 TPP 钯(0)
识别
CAS号 14221-01-3  checkY
PubChem 11979704
RTECS 未注册
性质
化学式 C72H60P4Pd
摩尔质量 1155.56 g·mol−1
外观 亮黄色晶体
熔点 分解温度 115 °C 附近
溶解性（水） 不溶
结构
配位几何 四个三苯基膦的单齿
配体连接于一个零价Pd
原子上，形成一个四面体的几何结构
分子构型 四面体
偶极矩 0 D
危险性
警示术语 R：n/a
安全术语 S：S22, S24/25
NFPA 704
1
2
0
 
相关物质
相关配合物 威尔金森催化剂
三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯
相关化学品 三苯基膦
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

四(三苯基膦)钯是一种分子式为Pd[P(C6H5)3]4的化合物，常简写为Pd(PPh3)4，或PdP4。它是一种亮黄色的晶型固体，暴露于空气中会慢慢变成棕色。

结构与性质

四个P原子以正四面体的几何形态围绕在零价钯原子中心上。其结构是典型的符合18e的四配位配合物[1]。 这种类型的配合物还有诸如：Ni(PPh3)4与Pt(PPh3)4。这种配合物在溶液中可以可逆的解离PPh3，释放16电子的M(PPh3)3。因此在化学反应中实际参与的是Pd(PPh3)4解离产生的Pd(PPh3)3或Pd(PPh3)2。

制备

四(三苯基膦)钯最早由Lamberto Malatesta小组于1960年在米兰发现，当初该化合物通过氯钯酸钠和肼在膦的存在下发生还原反应生成[2]。 这种化合物是商业市售的，可通过二价钯的化合物前体通过两步反应得到：

PdCl2 + 2 PPh3 → 顺式-PdCl2(PPh3)2
顺式-PdCl2(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3 + 2.5 N2H4 → Pd(PPh3)4 + 0.5 N2 + 2 N2H5+Cl-

两步可通过一锅合成法进行，中间体顺式-PdCl2(PPh3)2不需要分离与纯化[3]。 肼可以替换为其他的还原剂。该化合物对空气敏感，粗品可通过甲醇洗涤得到较纯的黄色粉末，该化合物常常储存于氩气氛围中。

应用

Pd(PPh3)4被广泛的应用于钯催化偶联反应中的催化剂[4]。 其中最重要的应用包括在Heck反应、Suzuki偶联、Stille反应、Sonogashira偶联反应和Negishi偶联。这些偶联反应过程都是开始于两次连续的配体解离过程，继而发生芳基卤代烃对于零价钯原子中心的氧化加成：

Pd(PPh3)4 + ArBr → PdBr(Ar)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3

参考文献

  1. ^ C. Elschenbroich, A. Salzer ”Organometallics : A Concise Introduction” (2nd Ed) (1992) Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. ISBN 3-527-28165-7
  2. ^ L. Malatesta and M. Angoletta, "Palladium(0) compounds. Part II. Compounds with triarylphosphines, triaryl phosphites, and triarylarsines" J. Chem. Soc., 1186 (1957). doi:10.1039/JR9570001186
  3. ^ D. R. Coulson; Satek, L. C.; Grim, S. O. Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0). Inorg. Synth. Inorganic Syntheses. 1972, 13: 121. ISBN 9780470132449. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch23. 
  4. ^ P. W. van Leeuwen. Homogeneous Catalysis: Understanding the Art. Springer. 2005. ISBN 1-4020-3176-9. 

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