單人滑

單人滑於奧運上分為男子項目以及女子項目，評分上沒有重大分別，都是以運動員的動作難度、種類、乾淨利落程度、優美度以及速度方面評分。而比賽分為短曲項目和長曲項目，與雙人滑一樣，都是按於首天短曲項目，次天為長曲項目。[1]

在單人滑中的短曲表演中，不論是男子或女子運動員，都必須於160秒（2分40秒±10秒）的限定時間中完成一套由跳躍、旋轉、組合跳躍、組合旋轉等8個動作與連續步編排而成的節目，得分約占運動員總得分的三分之一。

而在長曲方面，女子運動員要在4分鐘內完成，而男子運動員要在4分30秒完成一套編排均衡，由跳躍、旋轉、步法及各種姿態的滑行動作組成的節目，得分約佔運動員總得分其余三分之二。

各項目節目構成要素

男子單人

短曲

時間: 2分40秒±10秒

長曲

時間: 4分±10秒

  • 7個跳躍（包含三個組合跳）
  • 3個旋轉(包括一個組合旋轉、一個單一姿勢的旋轉、一個跳接旋轉)
  • 兩組步法(包括一套編舞的步法和一套環繞全場的步法)

女子單人

短曲

時間: 2分40秒±10秒

長曲

時間: 4分±10秒

  • 7個跳躍
  • 3個旋轉(包括一個組合旋轉、一個單一姿勢的旋轉、一個跳接旋轉)
  • 兩組步法(包括一套編舞的步法和一套環繞全場的步法)

評分

国际滑联认可的花样滑冰比赛均采用国际滑冰联盟裁判系统[2][3][4][5]

服裝、音樂、滑冰鞋

滑冰运动员经常向他们的教练和编舞咨询来选择音乐。[6]选手们也会根据不同的心情和节奏来搜索音乐。[6] 原先的比赛规则规定，对于正式比赛项目，音乐可以包含人声，但不能包含有歌词，只可以有诸如“啊”一类的无意义伴唱或咏叹。在2011年世锦赛上，法国男子单人滑选手Florent Amodio的自由滑选择了带有歌词的音乐，但是并没有足够数量的裁判支持罚分。[7] 2012年7月，国际滑联经过投票允许正式比赛项目中的音乐包含带有歌词的人声，并从2014-15赛季起开始使用该新规则。

单人滑选手所使用的冰鞋与冰舞选手所使用的冰鞋相比，在冰刀前端拥有更大的一组“刀齿”，刀齿主用用于跳跃和步伐中，而不应用于滑行和旋转。此外，冰刀内侧称为“内刃”，外侧称为“外刃”，运动员在滑行和跳跃时，必须要用刃清晰，即清楚得表明使用内刃还是外刃，不应同时使用内外两刃。高水平运动员表现出毫不费力的滑行，其根本原因在于有效利用冰刀的边缘来产生速度。

滑冰运动员可以自己设计服装，或请专业设计师进行设计。[8][9][10]如今服装已成为选手节目的重要组成部分，色彩选择、搭配和设计与音乐特点和舞蹈风格息息相关，从而大大提高了选手的表演效果。

參考資料

  1. ^ Note: Women are referred to as ladies in International Skating Union regulations.
  2. ^ Communication No. 1861: Single & Pair Skating Scale of Values, Levels of Difficulty and Guidelines for marking Grade of Execution (PDF). International Skating Union. 28 April 2014 [2021-01-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-05-04）. 
  3. ^ Special Regulations & Technical Rules: Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2012 (PDF). International Skating Union. June 2012 [2021-01-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-07-17）. 
  4. ^ S&P Deductions - Deductions: Who is responsible? (PDF). International Skating Union. [2021-01-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-10-11）. 
  5. ^ ISU: Single and Pair Skating: Technical Panel Handbooks, Communications, Questions and Answers. [2021-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-24）. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Brannen, Sarah S. Beyond 'Carmen': Finding the right piece of music. Ice Network. 2012-04-23 [2012-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-14）. 
  7. ^ Flade, Tatjana. Chan takes World title with record score. GoldenSkate. 2011-04-28 [2011-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-31）. 
  8. ^ Brannen, Sarah S. Fashion forward: Designers, skaters on costumes. Icenetwork. 2012-08-20 [2013-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-16）. 
  9. ^ Golinsky, Reut. Costumes on Ice, Part II: Ladies. Absolute Skating. 2012-09-14 [2017-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-18）. 
  10. ^ Golinsky, Reut. Costumes on Ice, Part III: Men. Absolute Skating. 2012-10-04 [2017-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-18）. 

外部链接

[1][永久失效連結] Skating Uni*[http://www.isu.org/en/single-and-pair-skating-and-ice-dance International Skating Union[永久失效連結]

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