君士坦丁堡条约 (1913年)

君士坦丁堡条约
類型和平条约
簽署日1913年9月
簽署地點君士坦丁堡
簽署者奥斯曼帝国、保加利亞王國
締約方奥斯曼帝国 奥斯曼帝国
保加利亞王國保加利亞王國
語言保加利亚语、奥斯曼土耳其语

君士坦丁堡条约，或称伊斯坦布尔条约，是第二次巴尔干战争结束后，奥斯曼帝国与保加利亞王國于1913年9月29日在奥斯曼首都君士坦丁堡签订的一项条约[1]。

背景

第一次巴尔干战争中，由保加利亚、塞尔维亚、希腊和蒙特內哥羅组成的联盟，击败了奥斯曼帝国。后者在欧洲的领土几乎丧失殆尽，只余依照伦敦条约保留的马尔马拉海附近一小片地区[2]。但在第二次巴尔干战争中，奥斯曼得以收复了东色雷斯[3]。保加利亚与其邻国在布加勒斯特进行和谈时，奥斯曼帝国并未参与，但双方又进行了单独谈判，从而产生了《君士坦丁堡条约》。

条约

条约的具体条款为[4][5]：

  1. 保加利亚承认奥斯曼获取埃迪爾內、克爾克拉雷利与季季莫蒂霍，以及周边领土
  2. 奥斯曼帝国向保加利亚割让代顿加赫（今亞歷山德魯波利斯）
  3. 土地交换将在10天内完成
  4. 边界军队将在三周内复员
  5. 双方的战俘将被释放
  6. 两国之间的政治与经济关系都将重新建立

该条约很大程度上确立了今日东色雷斯（欧洲土耳其）、保加利亚和希腊的边界。

后续

奥斯曼帝国与保加利亚在第一次世界大战中都加入了同盟国，成为盟友。在保加利亚参战前，奥斯曼帝国通过1915年《保加利亞－鄂圖曼公約》，决定将季季莫蒂霍割让给保加利亚（或许是为了说服保加利亚加入战争）。然而1918年，同盟国被击败，保加利亚的西色雷斯和季季莫蒂霍皆丧与希腊。

在未能生效的塞夫尔条约中，土耳其需将几乎整个东色雷斯割让给希腊，但是因为土耳其在独立战争中击败希腊，以及之后的洛桑条约（该条约中重申了《君士坦丁堡条约》和《保加利亚－奥斯曼公约》确立的边界），使得这一领土变更提议被否决。

参考资料

  1. ^ Anderson, Frank Maloy; Hershey, Amos Shartle. The Treaty of Constantinople, 1913. Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870–1914. Washington, DC: National Board for Historical Service, Government Printing Office. 1918: 443 [26 September 2018]. 
  2. ^ Treaty of London. [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于1997-05-01）. 
  3. ^ Balkan wars. [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2010-08-11）. 
  4. ^ A summary of treaties (in Turkish). [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-20）. 
  5. ^ Sina Akşin: Çağdaş Türkiye 1908–1980, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2008 ISBN 978-975-406-566-4 p. 50

外部链接

  • Treaty of Peace Between Bulgaria and Turkey, Signed at Constantinople September 16/29, 1913. The American Journal of International Law. January 1914, VIII (1, Supplement, Official Documents): 27–45. JSTOR 2212404. doi:10.2307/2212404. 

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