吉利德科學公司（英語：Gilead Sciences, Inc.），或譯吉立亞科學，是一家美國大型生物製藥公司，成立于1987年，总部位于加州旧金山湾区的福斯特城[3][4]。在台灣註冊的名稱為「吉立亞」。主要生產和研發針對愛滋病、B型肝炎、C型肝炎和各類傳染病的藥物。
该公司由医生迈克尔·瑞沃丹（Michael L. Riordan）创立于1987年6月[5]。瑞沃丹曾在华盛顿大学、約翰·霍普金斯大學醫學院和哈佛商学院就读，创立公司时29岁[6]。早期接受了风险投资公司Menlo Ventures200万美元的投资，吉利德科學公司的董事长由Menlo Ventures的人担任，1993年瑞沃丹成为董事长[5]。该公司在1992年1月于纳斯达克上市。1997年1月唐納德·拉姆斯菲爾德担任董事长，但他因在2001年就任美国国防部长而辞职[7]。
2002年开始该公司转型专攻抗病毒药物，将其抗癌药业务以2亿美金的价格卖给OSI制药[8]。同年10月决定以4.64亿美金收购三角制药[8][9]。后来经过一系列的兼并形成现在的规模。该公司推出的两款丙肝明星药物Sovaldi和Harvoni，丙肝治愈率高达90%。
瑞德西韦是由吉利德科學進行研發的項目，此藥物尚未在美國以及任何國家獲得批准上市，亦尚未註冊專利[10]。2019冠狀病毒病於中國爆發期間，吉利德免費向中國提供瑞德西韦[11]，中國科學院武漢國家生物安全實驗室與合作單位在2020年1月21日搶先申報中國發明專利《瑞德西韋抗2019新型冠狀病毒的用途》，引發爭議與討論[12]；對此，吉利德則回應「公司的核心关注在于病人，不希望卷入专利纠纷」[11][13]。世界衛生組織（WHO）指稱瑞德西韋（remdesivir）臨床實驗無效[14]。
Faro de Gravelinas Faro de GravelinasUbicaciónPaís FranciaDivisión GravelinasUbicación GravelinasDepartamento de Norte FranciaCoordenadas 51°00′14″N 2°06′33″E / 51.0038432, 2.1091606Información generalAltura soporte [1] 27Construcción 1837-1838Entrada en servicio 1843Observaciones En desuso desde 1989Códigos internacionalesMarineTraffic 1000007090ARLHS FRA751[editar datos en Wikidata] El Faro de Gravelinas o Faro de Petit Fort Philippe…
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Hugo Meisl – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hugo Meisl Personal informationDate of birth (1881-11-16)16 November 1881Place of birth Maleschau, BohemiaDate of death 17 February 1937(1937…
현재 이 문서는 주로 대한민국에 한정된 내용만을 다루고 있습니다.다른 국가·지역에 대한 내용을 보충하여 문서의 균형을 맞추어 주세요. 내용에 대한 의견이 있으시면 토론 문서에서 나누어 주세요. (2011년 5월) 무연탄의 모습. 무연탄(無煙炭, 영어: Black Coal/Anthracites)은 휘발성 물질의 함유량이 적은 석탄이다. 경질탄, 흑탄이라고도 불리는 무연탄은 아금속 광채를 가진…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2021) ماركوس ريت معلومات شخصية الميلاد 10 أغسطس 1976 (العمر 47 سنة)إسن الطول 1.87 م (6 قدم 1 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية ألمانيا مسيرة الشباب سنوات…
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Nevi’im (Propheten) des Tanach Vordere Propheten Buch Josua Buch der Richter Samuel (1. und 2. Buch) Könige (1. und 2. Buch) Hintere Propheten Jesaja Jeremia Ezechiel Zwölfprophetenbuch Josua als Mose Diener, oben: Mose empfängt auf dem Berg Sinai die 10 Gebote; links dahinter steht Josua (mit roter Tunika und weißem Mantel bekleidet); unten: Aaron (mit Krone und rotem Mantel) empfängt das Gesetz, karolingische Buchmalerei, um 840 Das Buch Josua, auch Jehoschua oder Joschua genannt (von h…
Romanian graphic artist (1923–1989) Ion Popescu-GopoBorn(1923-05-01)1 May 1923Bucharest, Kingdom of RomaniaDied29 November 1989(1989-11-29) (aged 66)Bucharest, Socialist Republic of RomaniaOccupation(s)Graphic artist and animator Ion Popescu Gopo on a Romanian stamp from 2008 Ion Popescu-Gopo (Romanian pronunciation: [iˈon poˈpesku ˈɡopo]; 1 May 1923 – 29 November 1989)[1] was a Romanian graphic artist and animator, but also writer, film director, and actor. He w…
SilautKecamatanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera BaratKabupatenPesisir SelatanPemerintahan • CamatAbu Nazar, S. Sos[1]Populasi • Total13,791 jiwa jiwaKode Kemendagri13.01.15 Kode BPS1302011 Luas- KM²Nagari/kelurahan10 Kenagarian Silaut adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.[1] Administrasi dan pemerintahan Kecamatan Silaut membawahi daerah adat Silaut berikut nagari-nagari pemekarannya. Secara administ…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أغسطس 2023) ماريون ماهوني غريفينبيانات شخصيةالميلاد 14 فبراير 1871شيكاغوالوفاة 10 أغسطس 1961[1][2][3] (90 سنة) شيكاغو[4] مكان الدفن مقبرة غريسلاند بلدان المواطنة ال…
Bengali-language children's channel Television channel Duronto TVদুরন্ত টিভিCountryBangladeshBroadcast areaNationwideHeadquartersBanani, DhakaProgrammingPicture format1080i HDTV (downscaled to 16:9 576i for SDTV sets)OwnershipOwnerBarind Media LimitedHistoryLaunched5 October 2017; 6 years ago (2017-10-05)LinksWebsitewww.duronto.tv Duronto TV (Bengali: দুরন্ত টিভি; lit. 'restless TV')[1] is a Bangladeshi Bengali-language …
American rapper (born 1976) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2019) PliesPlies in 2008Background informationBirth nameAlgernod Lanier WashingtonAlso known asPilesBorn (1976-07-01) July 1, 1976 (age 47)[1]Fort Myers, Florida, U.S.GenresHip hopOccupation(s)RappersongwriterYears active2001–presentLabelsBig GatesSlip-n-SlideAtlantic Children1Websitepliesworld.com Musical artist Algernod…
Le terme « papyrus Chester Beatty » fait référence à l'ensemble de la collection de manuscrits acquis par Alfred Chester Beatty au cours de son existence et qui comprend des papyrus bibliques ainsi que des non bibliques comme les papyrus médicaux Chester Beatty. Papyrus bibliques Le papyrus biblique Chester Beatty I, (P45) folio 13-14, contenant des morceaux de l'Évangile selon Luc Origine Les papyrus bibliques Chester Beatty sont un ensemble de onze papyrus anciens de textes bi…
حكومة عبد الله اليافي الثانيةمعلومات عامةالبلد لبنانقائد الدولة بشارة الخوريرئيس الحكومة عبد الله اليافيالتكوين 7 يونيو 1951النهاية 11 فبراير 1952المدة 310 يومحكومة حسين العويني الأولىحكومة سامي الصلح الثالثةتعديل - تعديل مصدري جزء من سلسلة مقالات سياسة لبنانلبنان الد…
City in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States City in New JerseyHackensack, New JerseyCityThe Bergen County Court House, designed in the American Renaissance style SealMotto: A City in Motion[1]Location of Hackensack in Bergen County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Bergen County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right). Interactive map of Hackensack, New JerseyHackensackLocation in Bergen CountyShow map of Bergen County, New JerseyHackensackLocation in New Je…
Romanian athlete Florența CrăciunescuPersonal informationBirth nameFlorența IonescuFull nameFlorența Țacu-CrǎciunescuBorn(1955-05-07)7 May 1955Craiova, Romania[1]Died8 June 2008(2008-06-08) (aged 53)[2]Bucharest, RomaniaHeight1.84 m (6 ft 0 in)Weight84 kg (185 lb)SportSportAthleticsEvent(s)Discus throw, shot putClubCSM CraiovaCSA Steaua București[3]Coached byIonel GhitaDan Serafim[3]Achievements and titlesPersonal bes…
Building in Bali, IndonesiaTirta GanggaOne of the fountains in Tirta Gangga water palaceGeneral informationLocationKarangasem Regency, Bali, IndonesiaConstruction started1946ClientKarangasem Royal Tirta Gangga is a former royal palace in eastern Bali, Indonesia, about 5 kilometres from Karangasem, near Abang. Named after the sacred river Ganges in Hinduism, it is noted for the Karangasem royal water palace, bathing pools and its Patirthan temple.[1] The one hectare complex was built in 1…
Language spoken in Honduras JicaqueanTolanEthnicityTolupanGeographicdistributionHondurasLinguistic classificationHokan ?JicaqueanSubdivisions Eastern Jicaque Western Jicaque Glottologjica1245The Jicaque languages are in Honduras in the center of the map Jicaquean, also known as Tolan, is a small language family of Honduras. There are two attested Jicaquean languages, Tol (Eastern Jicaque) and Western Jicaque (Holt 1999), which Campbell (1997) reports were about as distant as English and Swe…
The escalation archetype is one of possible types of system behaviour that are known as system archetypes. The escalation archetype is common for situations of non-cooperative games where each player can make own decisions and these decisions lead to the outcome for the player. However, when both players try to maximize their output (at the expense of the other one) they can get into a loop where each player will try harder and harder to surpass the opponent. While it can have favourable consequ…
Artikel ini sudah memiliki referensi, tetapi tidak disertai kutipan yang cukup. Anda dapat membantu mengembangkan artikel ini dengan menambahkan lebih banyak kutipan pada teks artikel. (July 2013) (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Norbert EliasLahir22 June 1897Breslau (Wrocław), Provinsi Silesia, PrusiaMeninggal1 Agustus 1990(1990-08-01) (umur 93)Amsterdam, BelandaEraFilsafat abad ke-20KawasanWestern PhilosophyAliranSosiologi FigurasionalGagasan penti…
Skyscraper hotel in Hong Kong This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2016) Cordis, Hong KongCordis, Hong Kong at Langham PlaceLocation within Hong Kong urban coreGeneral informationLocation555 Shanghai Street, Mong Kok, Hong KongCoordinates22°19′5″N 114°10′4″E / 22.31806°N 114.16778°E / 22.31806; 114.16778Opened4 August 2004; 19 years ago (2004-08-04)Owne…
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