可塑性面积单元问题(英語:modifiable areal unit problem,MAUP)是统计偏差的一个来源,会严重影响统计假說檢定的结果。当将基于点的空间现象度量汇总到区域中时(例如人口密度或疾病发生率),MAUP会影响结果。所得汇总值(例:总计、比率、比例、密度)受汇总单元的形状和尺度的影响。[1]
^Fotheringham, A. S.; Rogerson, P. A. The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). The SAGE handbook of spatial analysis. Sage. 2008: 105–124. ISBN 978-1-4129-1082-8.
^Holt D, Steel D, Tranmer M, Wrigley N. (1996). “Aggregation and ecological effects in geographically based data.” “Geographical Analysis” 28:244{261
^ 7.07.1Swift, A., Liu, L., and Uber, J. (2008) "Reducing MAUP bias of correlation statistics between water quality and GI illness." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 32, 134–148
^Larsen, J. (2000). "The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem: A problem or a source of spatial information?" PhD thesis, Ohio State University.
^Reynolds, H. (1998). "The Modifiable Area Unit Problem: Empirical Analysis By Statistical Simulation." PhD thesis, Department of Geography University of Toronto, http://www.badpets.net/Thesis (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^ 11.011.1Viegas, José Manuel; Martinez, L. Miguel; Silva, Elisabete A. Effects of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem on the Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zones. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. January 2009, 36 (4): 625–643. doi:10.1068/b34033.
參考文獻
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Gehlke, C. E.; Biehl, Katherine. Certain effects of grouping upon the size of the correlation coefficient in census tract material. Journal of the American Statistical Association. March 1934, 29 (185A): 169–170. JSTOR 2277827. doi:10.2307/2277827.
Unwin, D. J. (1996). "GIS, spatial analysis and spatial statistics." Progress in Human Geography.20: 540–551.
Cressie, N. (1996). “Change of Support and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem.” “Geographical Systems“, 3:159–180.
Viegas, J., E.A. Silva, L. Martinez (2009a). “Effects of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem on the Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zones” “Environment and Planning B – Planning and Design“, 36(4): 625–643.
Viegas, J., E.A. Silva, L. Martinez (2009a). “A traffic analysis zone definition: a new methodology and algorithm” “Transportation“. 36 (5): 6“, 36 (5): 6 .
延伸阅读
Cressie, Noel A. Change of support and the modifiable areal unit problem. Geographical Systems. 1996, 3 (2–3): 159–180.
Wrigley, Neil. Cliff, Andrew D , 编. Diffusing geography: essays for Peter Haggett. The Institute of British Geographers special publications series 31. Oxford; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell. 1995: 123–181. ISBN 0631195343. OCLC 30895028.
Zhang, Ming; Kukadia, Nishant. Metrics of urban form and the modifiable areal unit problem. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. January 2005, 1902: 71–79. doi:10.3141/1902-09.