南方基督教领袖会议

Southern Christian Leadership Conference
簡稱SCLC
成立時間1957年1月10日 (1957-01-10)
創始人马丁·路德·金、拉爾夫·阿伯內西、貝亞德·魯斯汀[*]、约瑟夫·洛里[*]、弗雷德·舒特尔斯沃[*]
類型NGO
總部乔治亚州亚特兰大
服务地区美国
員工数60
目標民权
網站www.nationalsclc.org 編輯維基數據鏈接

南方基督教领袖会议（Southern Christian Leadership Conference；SCLC）是一个非裔美国人民权组织，总部位于美国喬治亞州亚特兰大。其第一任主席是马丁·路德·金，在美国非裔美國人民權運動中发挥了重要作用。[1]

历史

1957年1月10日，在聯合抵制蒙哥馬利公車運動胜利后，马丁·路德·金与贝亚德·鲁斯汀、埃拉·贝克等人邀请约60名黑人牧师和领袖到亚特兰大的埃比尼泽教堂集会[2]。1月11日，一群人举行首次会议，并在当天举行新闻发布会公布名称“Southern Negro Leaders Conference on Transportation and Nonviolent Integration”。

2月15日，组织在新奥尔良举行会议，改名“Negro Leaders Conference on Nonviolent Integration”，不久改名“Southern Negro Leaders Conference”[3]。金担任主席[4]。1957年8月举行的第三次会议上，该组织决定定为现名，将其关注范围从公共汽车扩展到一切形式的种族隔离[5]。

主席

顺序 照片 名字 任期
1 马丁·路德·金 1957–1968
2 拉尔夫·阿伯内西 1968–1977
3 约瑟夫·洛厄里 1977–1997
4 马丁·路德·金三世 1997–2004
5 弗雷德·沙特尔斯沃思 2004–2004
6 小查尔斯·斯蒂尔 2004–2009
7 Howard W. Creecy Jr. 2009–2011
8 小查尔斯·斯蒂尔[6] 2012–

评价

该组织号召人们通过公民不服從、抵制和游行等方法达成目标，因此一般认为比全国有色人种协进会更激进，后者通过诉讼、立法游说和教育活动达成目的。但它不如种族平等大会或学生非暴力协调委员会激进。[7]

参考文献

  1. ^ King Research & Education Institute at Stanford Univ. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. [2023-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-27）. 
  2. ^ Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters需要免费注册. Simon & Schuster. 1988. ISBN 9780671687427. 
  3. ^ Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- History & Timeline, 1957. www.crmvet.org. [2017-04-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-04）. 
  4. ^ Conference Called by King to Air Rights Progress. Alabama Tribune. August 2, 1957: 1. 
  5. ^ Name changed to Southern Christian Leadership Conference at third meeting; King announces "Crusade for Citizenship". King Encyclopedia. Stanford University | Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. 1957-08-08 [2020-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-31）. 
  6. ^ National Staff. The All-New National SCLC. March 26, 2018 [2020-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-28）. 
  7. ^ University, © Stanford; Stanford; California 94305. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute. 2017-06-20 [2022-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-31）. 

扩展阅读

  • Aguiar, Marian; Gates, Henry Louis. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Africana: the encyclopedia of the African and African American experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books. 1999. ISBN 0-465-00071-1. 
  • Cooksey, Elizabeth B. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The new Georgia encyclopedia. Athens, GA: Georgia Humanities Council. December 23, 2004 [February 12, 2008]. OCLC 54400935. （原始内容存档于2012-10-12）. 
  • Fairclough, Adam. "The Preachers and the People: The Origins and Early Years of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 1955-1959." Journal of Southern History (1986): 403–440. in JSTOR （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
  • Fairclough, Adam. To Redeem the Soul of America: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. (University of Georgia Press, 2001)
  • Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1986); Pulitzer Prize
  • Marable, Manning; Mullings, Leith. Freedom: A Photographic History of the African American Struggle. London: Phaidon. 2002. ISBN 0-7148-4270-2. 
  • Peake, Thomas R. Keeping the dream alive: A history of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference from King to the nineteen-eighties (P. Lang, 1987)
  • Williams, Juan. Eyes on The Prize: America's Civil Rights Years, 1954–1965. New York: Viking. 1987. ISBN 0-670-81412-1. 

外部链接

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