升餘弦濾波器

升餘弦濾波器是一種經常用於數位調變脈衝整形英语Pulse shaping濾波器,它能夠最大限度地減少符碼間干擾英语Intersymbol interference(ISI)。之所以會如此命名是因為,該濾波器的最簡形式頻譜)的非零部分為餘弦函數,且被「抬升」至水平軸上方。

數學描述

升餘弦濾波器在各種滾降係數下的頻率響應
升餘弦濾波器在各種滾降係數下的脈衝響應

升餘弦濾波器是一種低通奈奎斯特濾波器英语Nyquist ISI criterion的實作,即具有殘對稱性的濾波器,這表示它的頻譜呈現约的奇對稱是通訊系统的符元週期。

其頻域描述為分段定義传递函数,由下式給出:

或以餘的半正矢表示:

以兩個值為特徵;滾降係數 和符元率的倒數

這種濾波器的脈衝響應[1]由下式给出:

以歸一化的sinc函數表示。這裡使用的是通訊領域的定義,而非數學領域所用的定義。

滾降係數

滾降英语Roll-off係數是對濾波器带宽過量(excess bandwidth)的度量,即所佔带宽超過奈奎斯特頻寬的部分,有些作者會使用 表示. [2]

若我們將多餘的頻寬表示為 ,則:

是符元率。

該圖顯示為在0和1之間變化的振幅響應,以及對脈衝響應的相應作用。可以看出,時域的漣波準位會隨著減少而增加,這可以減少濾波器的頻寛過量,但只能以伸長脈衝響應為代價。

靠近0時,滾降區變得無限窄,因此:

矩形函數,所以脈衝響應會趨近 .因此,在這種情況下,它會收斂到理想或磚牆濾波器

,頻譜的非零部分是純粹的升餘弦,可化簡為:

頻寬

升餘弦濾波器的頻寬通常定義為其頻譜的非零正頻率部分的寬度,即:

自相關函數

升餘弦函數的自相關函數如下:

自相關分析可用於分析各種取樣偏移量結果。

應用

連續升餘弦脈衝,顯示零ISI特性

當用於過濾符元流時,奈奎斯特濾波器具有消除 ISI 的特性,因為除了 的情形之外,所有是整數)的脈衝響應都是零。

因此,如果傳輸的波形在接收端被正確採樣,原本的符元值就可以完全恢復。

然而,在許多實際的通訊系統,由於受白雜訊之影響,會在接收器中使用匹配濾波器。對於零 ISI,發射和接收濾波器的淨響應必須等於

因此

這些濾波器稱為根升餘弦濾波器英语Root-raised-cosine filter

升餘弦是一種常用於布拉格光纖光柵英语Fiber Bragg grating變跡濾波器。

參考文獻

  1. ^ Michael Zoltowski - Equations for the Raised Cosine and Square-Root Raised Cosine Shapes (PDF). [2021-08-16]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-03-28). 
  2. ^ 德語:Raised-Cosine-Filter German version of Raised-Cosine-Filter
  • Glover, I.; Grant, P. (2004). Digital Communications (2nd ed.). Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-13-089399-4.
  • Proakis, J. (1995). Digital Communications (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill Inc. ISBN 0-07-113814-5ISBN 0-07-113814-5.
  • Tavares, L.M.; Tavares G.N. (1998) Comments on "Performance of Asynchronous Band-Limited DS/SSMA Systems" . IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol. E81-B, No. 9

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