北京潮州会馆

北京潮州会馆,位于中華人民共和國北京市西城区东城区,为广东潮州民系在北京的多所会馆的总称。[1][2][3][4]

概述

北京的潮州会馆共有三处,根据所在位置分别称为潮州南馆、潮州北馆(潮州新馆、潮州七邑馆)、潮州西馆。另外《北京的会馆》还提到了位于东城区前门外打磨厂的一座“潮州郡馆”,具体情况未详。该书认为,准确地说,潮州人在北京的会馆只有南馆、西馆、七邑馆三处,三处分别在中华民国时期的北平市公安局有登记,其他各处都分别是这三处的附产。[1]

潮州会馆是典型的文人会馆,即专为来京应试的同乡举子或旅京人员设立的会馆,有时也供应试后听候分配到外省上任的新官暂住之用。黄仁勇曾习经曾寓居在潮州会馆。科举制度取消后,潮州会馆仍然沿袭了这一做法。1920年代至1930年代,在北京的潮州籍人士约有1000余人,其中大多为学生和商人。为此,潮州会馆专门设有奖学金,以及广东水师提督方耀捐款设立的“都门旅费”,以资助品学兼优的困难学生,并为无力缴纳宿舍管理费的学生提供住宿。至1930年代,约有数十名来自中国大学华北大学朝阳学院等学校的学生居住在潮州会馆,多时可达百余人。[4]梅益碧野薛汕马大猷等人都曾在潮州会馆住过。[3]

潮州会馆没有义山,其经济收入依赖于经营煤炭生意店铺的租金,以及汕头一带所购置的盐田的租金。[3]

中华人民共和国成立后,原潮州会馆会长,时任北京市房管局副局长的黄浩建议成立“北京潮州会馆产业管理委员会”,以负责会馆事务。1953年公私合营,会馆的所有产业均被收缴。[3]

详述

  • 潮州会馆:又称“潮州南馆”,位于西城区菜市口胡同(原名“丞相胡同”)路东,菜市口胡同84号(旧门牌号为丞相胡同30号)。在北京的所有潮州会馆中,该会馆占地面积最大,共三亩二分地,房屋70余间。[1]该馆的创建年代已无考,2008年拆除前,尚存的建筑是清朝中期以后建造,保存比较完整。被列为宣武区文物普查登记项目(现为西城区普查登记文物)。[5]曾习经曾在该馆寓居。[1][2]该会馆的附产也在菜市口胡同的北侧(旧门牌号为丞相胡同18号),有房屋11间,共两个小院。[1]2008年3月,在宣武区大吉片拆迁中,拆除了3处文物建筑,即南横东街华严庵(原为会同四译馆)、米市胡同115号的米市胡同关帝庙(亦为潘祖荫祠)、菜市口胡同84号的潮州会馆,此后在南横东街菜市口大街交口处的东北角复建了这三组建筑,其中米市胡同关帝庙、华严庵已经被开发商出租开作饭店。[6]
  • 潮州七邑会馆:又称“潮州新馆”、“潮州北馆”,位于西城区延寿街路东,延寿街12号(旧门牌号为延寿寺100号)。其附近有广西平乐、江苏长元吴等等会馆。潮州七邑会馆的七邑指:潮安、黄冈、澄海、樟林、留隍、意溪、庵埠。潮州七邑会馆在北京拥有的房屋很多,除了本馆的房屋46间、占地一亩八分以外,还在西城区香炉营六条6号(旧门牌号)有房屋十多间、占地一亩六分;在西城区宣武门外大外廊营20号(旧门牌号)有房屋10间、占地六亩。[1][2]现存的潮州七邑会馆设立于清朝乾隆三十四年(1769年),据《潮州会馆记》记载:「乾隆三十四年,契买京都张素亭房屋一所,计价银一千两正。房屋于京都琉璃厂延寿寺街北头,坐东朝西门面,前后地基计六进。门口有潮州新馆匾额。」[3][7]
  • 潮州会馆:又称“潮州西馆”,位于西城区海柏胡同中间路北,海柏胡同23号(旧门牌号为海柏寺街13号),为青砖平房结构的建筑。[1][2]
  • 潮州郡馆:位于东城区打磨厂。[1][2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 胡春焕、白鹤群,北京的会馆,中国经济出版社,1994年,第43页、第73-74页
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 张秀蓉,以潮州會館為例析論清代的會館與商業活動,白沙人文社会学报2002年10月创刊号. [2014-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 周昭京. 潮州会馆史话. 上海古籍出版社. 1995: 66. ISBN 9787532519774. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 黄瑾瑜,谈海内外的潮州会馆,广东史志2001年04期. [2014-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  5. ^ 文物普查登记项目名单,北京西城,2010-05-05. [2014-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-01). 
  6. ^ 北京大吉片关帝庙被出租 赑屃安全谁来保证,中国文明网,2011-10-20. [2014-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2014-10-06). 
  7. ^ 马大猷:大音希声页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)当代劳模

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