依舒夫

依舒夫希伯來語ישוב‎,Yishuv,或希伯來語הישוב‎,Ha-Yishuv,英語:The Yishuv),又譯為以述伊休夫,字面意思為屯墾區、鄉鎮、居住區,在以色列建國前,巴勒斯坦猶太人社區的名稱。[1]這個名稱使用於1880年代,當時在巴勒斯坦地區,包括鄂圖曼敍利亞英语Ottoman Syria的南部,共有約25,000名猶太人居住在此。直到1948年以色列建國時,這個地區共有約700,000名猶太人。現在這個名詞使用較少,但在希伯來文中,仍用這個名詞來稱呼在以色列建國前就世居此地的猶太人。

在依舒夫中,又區分為老依舒夫新依舒夫兩大群體。老依舒夫指的是在1882年阿利亞運動興起之前就居住在此的猶太人。老依舒夫主要居住在耶路撒冷采法特提比里亞希伯仑等地。在雅法海法阿卡加薩等地,也有小型的猶太人社區。在老依舒夫中,猶太人仍然研習妥拉,保持猶太人的宗教與習俗。但也有改宗伊斯蘭教,使用巴勒斯坦阿拉伯語,完全融入巴勒斯坦人社區的猶太人。

新依舒夫,指的是在1860年代開始在耶路撒冷舊城城牆之外興建居住地的猶太社群,以及在1882年阿利亞運動之後,才開始移居至此的猶太人社群。

歷史

腳註

  1. ^ Viorst, Milton. 錫安主義 : 從猶太家園到猶太民族主義. 新北市: 光現. 2018. ISBN 9789869576703. 

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