伊斯坦布尔流浪猫

伊斯坦布尔的流浪猫，摄于2006年

土耳其伊斯坦布尔的流浪猫（土耳其語：sokak kedisi）相当多，根据不同统计，数量为10万至100多万不等。不少土耳其人认为街头的小动物并非流浪，而是社区共有的宠物。

历史

参见：伊斯兰教与猫（英语：Islam and cats）

“伊斯坦布尔的猫”小组成员艾谢·萨本久（Ayşe Sabuncu）在接受BBC采访时介绍，自奥斯曼帝国时代起，伊斯坦布尔就已遍布野猫。彼时的房屋多为木制，滋生鼠患，人们于是饲养猫咪捕鼠[1]。

亦有多家媒体指这可能和盛行于土耳其的伊斯兰教有关[2][1]。猫在伊斯兰教中是受尊敬的动物，许多圣训中都有先知穆罕默德禁止迫害杀害猫咪的记载。猫也因爱好清洁因而受推崇，被穆斯林视为“模范宠物[3]”。

待遇

小猫进食，摄于艾米諾努

流浪猫遍布于伊斯坦布尔的街头，无论是大学教室里，渡轮上，公交车座位上，抑或是地铁上，处处是流浪猫的踪迹，且不受打扰。街头常见为流浪猫建造的猫舍。居民在猫舍处放置食物和水来喂养猫咪。市府亦建造自动喂养机，可藉由投币为周围的流浪猫狗提供食物。喂养机周围亦因而聚集不少猫咪[4]。

对于流浪猫，土耳其政府执行不捕不杀的政策[5]。2024年，土耳其政府通過新法令明訂对流浪貓犬等動物类实施捕捉及安樂死的條件與時程，例如預計在2028年前全面安置流浪狗，新法令審議期間引起土耳其社會相當多的辯論，對於民眾喜歡購買寵物卻又棄養於公眾環境有相當深入的討論[6]。有關於土耳其新版動物保護法修正案對於流浪動物的強制集中收容、修改待遇、及安樂死之等重要差異，可參見https://dkndlaw.com/legal-alerts/amendment-to-the-animal-protection-law-and-similar-practices-worldwide/[7]

健康

一项2011年的研究统计了伊斯坦布尔流浪动物的绦虫感染情况，发现4.65%的猫咪感染了乔伊绦虫（英语：Joyeuxiella）[8]。流浪猫群中间，猫免疫缺陷病毒和猫白血病病毒亦常有发现[9]。

尽管流浪猫是狂犬病的潜在媒介，在2000年至2014年土耳其的21例狂犬病例中，并没有病例是因接触猫群而感染[10]。

多位兽医批评当地人喂养流浪猫的做法。2015年，一篇由罗格斯大学学者发表的论文指出，集体喂食会吸引动物集聚，这会促进某些疾病的传播。患病的动物接触过的容器也会感染其他健康的动物[11]。

法律

吉汉吉尔（英语：Cihangir）街头的的流浪猫舍

在2021年之前，土耳其法律长期将流浪动物和家养动物定义为“货品”，而非生命。这种分类方式遭到动物权利运动成员批评，主要是因为虐待动物行为的处罚过于宽松。2021年，土耳其通过新法案，授予动物“生命体”地位，虐待动物的罪行会招致六个月至四年监禁；同时，该法案亦强制要求对流浪动物实行绝育[12][5]。

2019年，屈曲克切克梅杰（英语：Küçükçekmece）的一个日本公民宰杀五只流浪猫食用，遭驱逐出境。这一事件成为新闻，亦招来两国舆论的愤慨反应[13]。

流行文化

伊斯坦布尔的流浪猫成为独特现象，逐渐知名于世界，社交媒体在其中起到关键作用[1]。媒体将伊斯坦布尔称为“猫城[2]”。

2016年，纪录片《爱猫之城（英语：Kedi (2016 film)）》面世，聚焦伊斯坦布尔的流浪猫，受到好评[14]。

日本画家佐竹美保（日语：佐竹美保）2015年的儿童书《伊斯坦布尔猫咪搜集》讲述了日本人学校的学生在伊斯坦布尔寻找一只梵猫的故事[15]。

图集

参见

  • 湯彼利 ：因为一张在躺在人行道边的照片而走红的伊斯坦布尔猫咪，当地人为它建造了塑像
  • 葛莉：居住在圣索菲亚大教堂的著名猫咪，2020年离世
  • 动物权利联盟（英语：HAYTAP）：伊斯坦布尔的动物权利组织
  • 摩洛哥的貓

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Why so many stray cats in Istanbul?. BBC News. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30） （英国英语）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Istanbul: The city of cats. Daily Sabah. 2020-11-19 [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30） （美国英语）. 
  3. ^ Campo, Juan Eduardo. Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. 2009: 131. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. 
  4. ^ Capital of the Cats: Istanbul! True Lords and Ladies of the City. Discover all about Turkish People & Turkey!. 2022-03-12 [2022-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-04） （英国英语）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 New Turkish Law Could Save Animals. LIVEKINDLY. 2021-07-07 [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30） （美国英语）. 
  6. ^ Gordon, Anna. Turkey Passes 'Massacre Law' on Stray Dogs. TIME. 2024-07-30 [2025-01-09] （英语）. 
  7. ^ AMENDMENT TO THE ANIMAL PROTECTION LAW AND SIMILAR PRACTICES WORLDWIDE. DKND Law. [2025-01-09] （土耳其语）. 
  8. ^ ÖTER, Kerem; BİLGİN, Zahide; TINAR, Recep; TÜZER, Erkut. İstanbul'da Sokak Kedi ve Köpeklerinde Sestod Enfeksiyonları. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi. 2009. ISSN 1300-6045. doi:10.9775/kvfd.2011.4275. 
  9. ^ Yilmaz, H.; Ilgaz, A.; Harbour, D. A. Prevalence of FIV and FeLV infections in cats in Istanbul. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. March 2000, 2 (1): 69–70 [2022-09-18]. ISSN 1098-612X. PMID 11716594. S2CID 29365384. doi:10.1053/jfms.2000.0066. （原始内容存档于2021-12-03）. 
  10. ^ İnce, Erdal. Kuduz (PDF). Ankara University Medical School. 2015 [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-30）. 
  11. ^ Mattson, Savannah; Szajdecki, Ryan; Fagan, Julie M. Reducing unmonitored population density of stray animals in Istanbul. 2015 [2022-09-18]. doi:10.7282/T3ZK5JQK. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30） （英语）. 
  12. ^ Turkey's long-awaited animal rights legislation underway - Turkey News. Hürriyet Daily News. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30） （英语）. 
  13. ^ Turkey deports Japanese man for eating cats. Japan Today. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30） （英语）. 
  14. ^ Metz, Nina. Capturing the real lives of Istanbul's street cats in 'Kedi'. chicagotribune.com. [2021-07-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-02）. 
  15. ^ 大藪，加奈. Multiple Narratives in Searching for a Cat in Istanbul. kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp. 2019 [2022-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-30）. 

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