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代工生产

鴻海集團位於深圳市的電子代工廠房

代工生产(英語:Original Equipment Manufacturer,OEM)簡稱:委託製造 ,又译原始设备制造商,指由采购方提供设备和技术,由制造方负责生产、提供人力和场地,采购方负责销售的一种现代流行生产方式。

OEM廠商通常擁有充裕、廉價又高素質的勞動力,提供國際市場所需的製造、組裝產品之委託服務。典型的如蘋果將手機的製造,交由亞洲的台積電與富士康、三星等代工廠生產與組裝。

计算机软件

OEM 授权是软件公司发售授权许可的一种模式,其最大的特点是授权一般直接附加于主機板等重要硬件上。微软是一个著名的例子,为他们的 Windows 作業系統提供 OEM 版的软件。OEM 产品密钥比相对应的零售版价格更为低廉,但兩者使用相同的软件。OEM 密钥主要是提供给直接的代工生产厂家与系统开发者,所以一般是作为批量许可密钥订单出售给这种製造大厂(例如惠普戴尔东芝联想等)。个人同样可以购买它们作为个人使用(包括虚拟硬件),也可用于他们所组建的电脑的销售或转销。在每一个微软有关于 OEM 的最终用户许可协议中,产品密钥都与它原来安装的电脑主板相绑定,之后这种密钥一般是不能在电脑之间进行转让,它们只能为同一台电脑进行激活。这与零售密钥相反,后者可以被转让。一次重大的硬件更换会触发一个再激活提醒,这与零售版相同。

直接代工制造商对于安装媒体等事情承担正式责任,尽管在销售电脑硬件时并不要求它提供这种服务,实际上也可以不这么做以降低成本。相反,制造商所提供的服务更多是在主储存设备上的恢复分区,供用户修复或恢复其系统到出厂状态等。系统制造商对直接代工生产厂商的安装介质有不同的要求。[1] 从微软官方取得需要有效产品密钥的Windows下载(如Windows 7),OEM密钥會被拒绝使用,需要从制造商处获得有关啟用系统的技术支持。

參見

  • ODM(原始设计制造)
  • JDM(Joint Design Manufacture,协同设计制造/聯合設計製造/共同設計開發製造)
  • OBM(自有品牌生產)
  • EMS(電子專業製造服務)
  • 加工出口工廠

参考文献

  1. ^ OEM Licensing FAQ-OEM Partner Center. Microsoft.com. 微软. [2015-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-02). 
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