乔治赖特堡

乔治赖特堡历史街区
乔治赖特堡在華盛頓州的位置
乔治赖特堡
乔治赖特堡在美国的位置
乔治赖特堡
最近城市斯波坎
坐标47°40′42″N 117°28′27″W / 47.67833°N 117.47417°W / 47.67833; -117.47417
占地面积100公頃（250英畝）
建于1896年
建筑师美国联邦政府
建筑风格殖民复兴（英语：Colonial Revival architecture）
安妮女王（英语：Queen Anne style architecture in the United States）
乔治亚 复兴
NRHP编号76001918 [1]
NRHP收录1976-05-17

乔治赖特堡（英語：Fort George Wright）是美国西北部的一片区域，位于华盛顿州斯波坎的西山社区（West Hills），以曾驻扎在此地的乔治·赖特将军（George Wright）的名字命名。

历史

1895年，当地居民购买了当时被称为特威克纳姆公园（Twickenham Park）的区域，并将其租借给政府用于建造军事哨所。1986年，经美国国会授权，当地政府出资40000美元购买了414公頃（1,020英畝）的土地。

堡垒于1897年动工，1899年正式开放。现存的大部分建筑都建于1897年至1906年之间。

1909年至1910年间，该堡垒用来关押在斯波坎言论自由斗争（英语：Free speech fights）中被捕的世界产业工人成员。[2]

1899年至1940年间，这里主要驻扎着骑兵部队，如第24（英语：24th Infantry Regiment (United States)）和第25“水牛兵 ”师（英语：25th Infantry Regiment (United States)），以及在第一次世界大战期间参加了圣米耶勒和默兹-阿戈讷攻势的第4步兵师，该师后来在第二次世界大战中登陆诺曼底海滩。[3]

1915年9月，时任中尉的奥马尔·布雷德利向位于乔治赖特堡的第14步兵师（英语：14th Infantry Regiment (United States)）报到。[4]

1918年的乔治赖特堡

第二次世界大战

1941年1月9日，乔治赖特堡成为西北航空区的总部，负责美国太平洋西北地区的防空和反潜巡逻。

1941年2月28日，西北航空区总部工作人员从费尔茨机场（英语：Felts Field）迁至乔治赖特堡的新总部办公室。从该地可以指挥西北十一个州的空中活动。[5]1941年3月26日，该区重新命名为第二航空队。

1943年1月，因《乱世佳人》而出名的克拉克·盖博短暂驻扎在乔治赖特堡，并接受特殊任务训练——拍摄一部募兵影片，为陆军航空军招募更多的炮兵。[6]

1942年6月12日，阅兵场向空中交通开放，供联络机（英语：Liaison aircraft）和信使机起降，以支持第二航空队总部的任务。[7]

1943年6月，第二航空队总部迁至科罗拉多州的科罗拉多斯普林斯。

柯特·泰奇（Curt Teich）设计的大字明信片（英语：Large-letter postcard）（1943 年）

战后

乔治赖特堡一直用于军事目的，直到1957年，政府宣布该堡垒为剩余军用物资，并优先出售该堡垒给教育机构。1960年，部分土地被用作斯波坎瀑布社区学院（英语：Spokane Falls Community College）的建设。[8] [9]

1976年5月，该校园作为乔治赖特堡历史街区被列入国家史迹名录，因为此地还建有圣迈克尔教堂（St. Michael's Mission）。1882 年的建筑最初位于比奇洛古勒克路（Bigelow Gulch Road）附近，后来搬迁到了校园内。

乔治赖特堡公墓也位于这片土地上，是乔治赖特堡西北部的一小块地，由费尔柴尔德空军基地管理。服务对象包括军人及其家属。

纪念体育场（Memorial Stadium）（现为乔·阿尔比体育场（英语：Joe Albi Stadium））最初的草坪是1950年夏天取自堡垒阅兵场的草皮。[10] [11] [12]

2020 年，在乔治·弗洛伊德抗议活动后种族平等呼声的推动下，穿过该地的乔治赖特堡大道（Fort George Wright Drive）更名为惠斯托克斯大道（Whistalks Way）。[13] 2021年，武库川赖特堡学院（Mukogawa Fort Wright Campus）也更名为武库川美国学院（Mukogawa U.S. Campus）。 [14]

外部链接

参考资料

  1. ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. 
  2. ^ John Duda (ed.). Wanted: Men to Fill the Jails of Spokane! （英语）. 
  3. ^ Nilsson, Lee. Welcome to Historic Fort George Wright - Fort George Wright Tour. Spokane Historical. [2018-12-26] （英语）. 
  4. ^ Zaloga Steve. Omar bradley : leadership, strategy, conflict. Noon, Steve. Botley, Oxford. 2012-05-20. ISBN 978-1-8490-8661-5. OCLC 749854262 （英语）. 
  5. ^ Staff. Staff Is Moved To Fort Wright - Northwest Air Headquarters Evacuate Felts Field for Army Post. The Spokesman-Review (Spokane, Washington). 1941-03-01: 6 （英语）. 
  6. ^ Clark Gable Is Here With 2d Air Force. Spokane Daily Chronicle. 1943-01-11: 1 [2020-07-29] （英语）. 
  7. ^ Staff. Planes Now Landing At Fort Wright. Spokesman-Review. 1942-06-13: 6 （英语）. 
  8. ^ Spokane urged to build college at Fort Wright. Spokesman-Review. 1960-07-14: 10 [2024-07-24] （英语）. 
  9. ^ Prager, Mike. Fort George Wright offered for sale as park plan is studied. Spokesman-Review. 1989-04-11: 1 [2024-07-24] （英语）. 
  10. ^ Stadium to get turf from fort. Spokane Daily Chronicle. 1950-07-21: 1 [2024-07-24] （英语）. 
  11. ^ Sod for stadium. Spokane Daily Chronicle. 1950-08-08: 1 [2024-07-24] （英语）. 
  12. ^ Turf promises good playing field. Spokesman-Review. 1950-08-18: 18 [2024-07-24] （英语）. 
  13. ^ Shanks, Adam. Fort George Wright Drive renamed. The Spokesman-Review. 2020-12-15 [2022-06-28] （英语）. 
  14. ^ Dodd, Amber D. After George Wright's street name change, Mukogawa follows. The Spokesman-Review. 2021-08-27 [2022-06-28] （英语）. 

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