中央銀行數位貨幣

中央銀行數位貨幣(英語:central bank digital currency, CBDC,簡稱央行數位貨幣)用於指稱各種由中央銀行發行的數位貨幣提案。國際清算銀行的一份報告當中指出,即便「中央銀行數位貨幣」尚未完全給予定義,[1]「但大部分情況下指設想中的一種新型態中央銀行貨幣,而不同於傳統儲備或帳戶餘額[2]。」

央行數位貨幣也稱為數位法定貨幣digital fiat currencies[3]數位基礎貨幣digital base money[4]

現行的央行數位貨幣概念直接從比特幣獲得發想,但不同於虛擬貨幣加密貨幣;這兩種貨幣並非由國家發行,也缺乏政府授予的法償地位[2][5][6][7]。央行數位貨幣的實施可能會或不會採用區塊鏈分散式賬本[8][9]

央行數位貨幣絕大多數還在設想階段,部分則進展到概念驗證程序;然而80%的中央銀行已將目光投向數位貨幣[10][11]。中國的數字人民幣成為第一種由主要經濟體系發行的數位貨幣[12][13]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆Monetary Economics: Central Banks - Policies & Impacts eJournal. Social Science Research Network.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bech, Morten; Garratt, Rodney. Central Bank Cryptocurrencies (PDF). BIS. [2020-08-25]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-12-27) (英语). 
  3. ^ Focus Group on Digital Currency including Digital Fiat Currency. ITU. [2017-12-03]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11) (美国英语). 
  4. ^ Mersch, Yves. Digital Base Money: an assessment from the ECB’s perspective (演讲). Farewell ceremony for Pentti Hakkarainen, Deputy Governor of Suomen Pankki – Finlands Bank. Helsinki: European Central Bank. 16 January 2017 [19 June 2021]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-27) (英语). 
  5. ^ Silva, Matthew De. What China could gain from a digital yuan. Quartz. [2019-09-28]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-28) (英语). 
  6. ^ Speech by Jen Weidmann at the Bundesbank Policy Symposium "Frontiers in Central Banking – Past, Present and Future". www.bundesbank.de. [2017-11-09]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-14) (英语). 
  7. ^ Financial innovation and monetary policy: Challenges and prospects (PDF). European Parliament. 2017 [2021-07-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-03-14). 
  8. ^ Yang, Yuan; Lockett, Hudson. What is China's digital currency plan?. www.ft.com. Financial Times. [2021-07-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-15). 
  9. ^ Analytical Report on the E-Hryvnia Pilot Project (PDF). National Bank of Ukraine. [2021-07-04]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-06). 
  10. ^ Christine Lagarde [@lagarde]. Our work on a possible #digitaleuro continues. (推文). 16 April 2021 –通过Twitter. 
  11. ^ Will central-bank digital currencies break the banking system?. The Economist. 2020-12-05 [2020-12-07]. ISSN 0013-0613. (原始内容存档于2021-01-29). 
  12. ^ Areddy, James T. China Creates its Own Digital Currency, a First for Major Economy. Wall Street Journal. 2021-04-05 [2021-04-06]. ISSN 0099-9660. (原始内容存档于2021-04-05) (美国英语). 
  13. ^ Popper, Nathaniel; Li, Cao. China Charges Ahead With a National Digital Currency. The New York Times. 2021-03-01 [2021-04-06]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2021-04-05) (美国英语).