东汉平陇西之战

东汉平陇西之战东汉建武六年(30年)四月至建武十年(34年)十月,东汉统一战争时,汉光武帝刘秀平陇西(今甘肃省中、东部地区)隗嚣的战役。

隗嚣聚众十余万,占据了今甘肃陇西地区。其地连巴蜀,近关中,对东汉刘秀威胁极大。平定关东前,光武帝采取“联陇制蜀”之策,隗嚣一直附汉,多次打败公孙述军北进,使刘秀集中力量于东方。30年四月,光武帝至长安,告知隗嚣将派建威大将军耿弇等七将军从陇西攻蜀。隗嚣反对,并派大将王元率兵据陇坻(今陕西陇县西北),伐木堵住道路阻止止汉军进攻。四月,汉军沿渭北平原翻陇山仰攻陇坻,结果大败。王元跟踪追击,马武率精锐骑兵断后,使汉军得以撤回,刘秀留下耿弇守漆县〔今陕西彬县),冯异守栒邑(今陕西旬邑东北),祭遵守汧县(今陕西陇县南),另调吴汉由洛阳西进,在长安集结兵力。隗嚣乘胜派行巡攻打栒邑,王元取汧县,均被东汉击败。割据河西的窦融归附刘秀,进攻金城(今甘肃省兰州市西北),击破帮助隗嚣前羌族豪强何封等部,隗嚣腹背受敌。隗嚣大将马援也在隗嚣反汉时,归附东汉。光武帝给其骑五千,招降隗嚣所部和羌族豪长,从内部分化瓦解隗嚣,隗嚣上书刘秀表示亲善,企图以此作为缓兵之计,没有成功。即派使者向公孙述称臣。31年春,公孙述立隗嚣为朔宁王,出兵援救陇西。秋,隗嚣亲率步骑三万进攻安定郡(郡治高平,今宁夏固原),进至阴槃(今甘肃省泾川县东)。另派军队进攻汧县,企图夺取关中,冯异、祭遵分别击败隗嚣军。32年春,来歙率军两千,秘密从番须(今陕西陇县北)、回中(今陕西陇县、华亭之间),袭占略阳(今甘肃庄浪县西南秦安城东北),威胁隗嚣占据的冀县(今甘肃省甘谷南),隗嚣以精锐反攻略阳数月来克。闰四月刘秀利用隗嚣顿兵坚城、士卒疲劳之机,进兵高平第一城(今宁夏固原),窦融也率河西步骑数万前来会战。汉军分路挺进陇山,招降瓦亭(今宁夏固原西南)守将牛邯等隗嚣大将十三人。属县十六、兵十余万皆降,略阳解围。隗嚣率残部逃到西城(今甘肃省天水市西南)。东汉占领天水部。农民军余部复起,京师洛阳骚动,光武帝赶回洛阳。十一月,岑彭水灌西城时,隗嚣部将王元、行巡周宗率蜀地援率军五千人赶到,从高地反击,汉军措手不及,王元等突入西城,迎隗嚣入冀县。当时汉军补给困难,粮食已尽,各部被迫退出陇西。隗嚣收拾残部,一时又夺占陇西数郡。33年正月,隗嚣死。部众拥立其少子隗纯为王。34年八月,耿弇、寇恂攻破高平第一城。十月,来歙盖延攻破落门(今甘肃武山东北),王元只身投靠公孙述,隗纯降汉。此战,历时4年,陇西始平定[1]

參見

參考文獻

  1. ^ 资治通鉴》卷四十二 汉纪三十四

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