1961年3月10日,沙利文发表了他的研究成果《纽约港的世界贸易中心》(A World Trade Center in the Port of New York)。报告推荐沿码头区建造世贸中心来推动纽约港的贸易。[19]报告还表示,洛克菲勒所建议的南街海港地块是最理想的地点,但它没有考虑当地人的反对声音。[20]次日,纽新港务局正式批准了这一计划。[21]
纽约州—新泽西州分歧
由于纽新港务局是纽约州和新泽西州所管辖的部门,这个方案也需要得到这两个州的批准。新泽西州长罗伯特·B·梅纳(英语:Robert B. Meyner)对于在纽约州建造这个价值3.55亿美元的项目十分不满。[22][23]梅纳表示只有新泽西州能从项目中获益他才会同意。[11]他还特别担心新泽西州哈德逊与曼哈顿铁路的客运量。[24]自从哈德逊河有数条公路桥梁和隧道通车后,该线路的客运量由1927年的1.13亿人次高位下降至1958年的2600万人次。[25][26]哈曼铁路的哈德逊车站(英语:Hudson Terminal)位于曼哈顿下西区的无线电街(英语:Radio Row),是一个大型办公建筑群,也因客运量减少而日趋破败。[27]往来哈德逊河两岸的渡轮在1920年曾有5100万人次客运量,此时已经停运,而民众更倾向于搭乘快速地铁,高架线路也逐渐废除。[26]许多年来,新泽西州市民及官员都提议港务局收购哈曼铁路,但每次港务局都拒绝。[22]梅纳表示,如果港务局接手哈曼铁路,他就支持世贸中心的建设。[3][24]于是港务局开始着手研究收购哈曼铁路。[28]
1961年12月,托宾与新上任的新泽西州州长理查德·休斯进行了多次会面,最终达成共识,将世贸中心的建造地点向西移至哈德逊车站所在位置。[29][30]新地点不仅临近新泽西,且没有发展商在哈德逊车站上方兴建建筑,因此能充分利用车站的空间所有权(英语:Air rights)。[24][29]除了接手哈曼铁路,港务局还同时接手了哈德逊车站等破败的建筑。[30]1962年1月22日,两州终于达成了协议,由纽新港务局收购哈德逊-曼哈顿铁路并在曼哈顿下西区建造世贸中心。[31]纽新港务局将哈德逊与曼哈顿铁路改名为纽新港務局过哈德逊河捷运,简称纽新捷运。[32]1962年2月,新泽西州议会批准通过提案。[33]随后,主席托宾成立世界贸易办公室负责世贸中心的建造和运作,并指派盖伊·F·托佐利(英语:Guy F. Tozzoli)领导新办公室。[33][34]
曾有三名建筑师参与规划世贸中心,但由于设计缺乏创新,托佐利最终将他们解雇。[63]随后,他启程前往西雅图会见美籍日裔建筑师山崎实。托佐利已经对世贸中心的规划有大概想法,但还没有决定设计细节。[64]在会面之前,山崎实唯一设计的高层建筑项目是位于底特律的一座30层大厦,业主为密歇根天然气公司(英语:Michigan Consolidated Gas Company)。因此,山崎实以为让他设计价值2.8亿美元的纽约世贸大厦是合同打印错误,后来才得知合同没有印错。[65]1962年6月,山崎实向港务局提交了他“庞大、清晰、详尽且充满人文关怀的”设计提案。[63]作家保罗·戈德伯格描述道,在满是工程师的港务局董事会面前,山崎实“表现得像一位艺术家”。[66]会面结束后,港务局设计师开始浏览山崎实过往参与的项目。[63]
1964年,山崎实的110层双子塔设计公布于世,一些纽约地产协会(Real Estate Board of New York)成员和私营房地产开发商对于这个各方“资助”的项目表示担忧,他们认为目前市场上已经存在很多空置的办公场所,新建的世贸中心会使得市场状况更加恶劣。[123][124]其中最显著的反对声音来自帝国大厦所有者劳伦斯·韦恩(英语:Lawrence Wien)。一旦世贸中心建好,帝国大厦将会失去世界第一高楼的称号。[123][125]韦恩召集建筑商成立了一个名为“合理建造世贸大厦委员会”(Committee for a Reasonable World Trade Center)的组织,要求降低世贸中心的设计高度。[123][126]他们表示,世贸中心极大量的建筑面积会导致房地产市场供应过量,损害其他发展商的利益。市政府及发展商使用了大量理由将建造时间推迟了两年。[122]
建造地下连续墙需要先挖掘一条壕沟,在挖掘的同时向壕沟内灌入泥浆。泥浆含有皂土,能够填堵洞口并将水排出。壕沟挖掘完毕后,吊入钢筋笼,并浇筑混凝土,将泥浆排出。这一施工方法由港务局首席工程师小约翰·M·凯尔(John M. Kyle Jr.)提出。1966年底,地下连续墙开始施工,工程由蒙特利尔公司伊坎达(Icanda)负责,其为意大利工程企业专业建筑工程公司(Impresa Costruzioni Opere Specializzate)的子公司。[141]地下连续墙工程耗时14个月,工程完成后才能开始挖掘基坑。[141]承载纽新捷运的哈德逊隧道(英语:Downtown Hudson Tubes)一直服役至1971年,直至世界贸易中心车站建成。[142]
由于边缘柱筒及楼板桁架系统大量使用预制构件,世贸中心能在保证质量的同时提高建造速度并降低成本。[94]钢构件都通过宾州中央铁路(后转为联合铁路)运送至泽西市。每天清晨,构件由荷兰隧道进入施工场地,大型构件则由拖船运至现场,起重机随即将其起吊就位。[147][148]世贸中心使用了法福克STD2700起重机,由澳大利亚企业法威尔·摩尔德(Favelle Mort Ltd.)生产,其通过液压系统升降货物,适合用来建造超高层建筑。[149]
^Courtesy Sandwich Shop, Inc., et al. v. Port of New York Authority, 12 N.Y. 2d 379 (S.Ct. 1963). “The motion to dismiss is granted and the appeal is dismissed for want of a substantial federal question.”
^William Baker; Johnathan Barnett; Christopher Marrion; Ronald Hamburger; James Milke; Harold Nelson. Chapter 2. WTC 1 and WTC 2. World Trade Center Building Performance Study. FEMA. 2002-09-01: 33. ... the loads initially carried by the damaged exterior columns were transferred by Vierendeel truss action to the remaining exterior columns immediately adjacent to the impact area.
^ 94.094.1American Iron and Steel Institute. The World Trade Center – New York City. Contemporary Steel Design (American Iron and Steel Institute). 1964, 1 (4).
^Fanella, David A., Arnaldo T. Derecho, S.K. Ghosh. Design and Construction of Structural Systems (NCSTAR 1-1A). National Institute of Standards and Technology. September 2005: 65.
^Robertson, Leslie E. Reflections on the World Trade Center. The Bridge Volume 32, Number 1. National Academy of Engineering. 2002 [2006-07-28]. (原始内容存档于2017-01-20).
^Sadek, Fahim. Baseline Structural Performance and Aircraft Impact Damage Analysis of the World Trade Center Towers(NCSTAR 1–2 appendix A). NIST 2005. pp. 305–307.
^New York Gets $90 Million Worth of Land for Nothing. Engineering News Record. 1968-04-18.
^McAllister, Therese; Johnathan Barnett; John Gross; Ronald Hamburger; Jon Magnusson. WTC3. World Trade Center Building Performance Study. FEMA. May 2002.
^McAllister, Therese; Johnathan Barnett; John Gross; Ronald Hamburger; Jon Magnusson. WTC4, 5, and 6. World Trade Center Building Performance Study. FEMA. May 2002.
^ 164.0164.1McAllister, Therese; Johnathan Barnett; John Gross; Ronald Hamburger; Jon Magnusson. WTC7. World Trade Center Building Performance Study. FEMA. May 2002.
Evans, David D.; Richard D. Peacock; Erica D. Kuligowski; W. Stuart Dols; William L. Grosshandler. Active Fire Protection Systems (NCSTAR 1–4). National Institute of Standards and Technology. September 2005.
Sivaraj Shyam-Sunder; Richard G. Gann; William L. Grosshandler; Hai S. Lew; Richard W. Bukowski; Fahim Sadek; Frank W. Gayle; John L. Gross; Therese P. McAllister; Jason D. Averill; James R. Lawson; Harold E. Nelson; Stephen A. Cauffman. Final Report of the National Construction Safety Team on the Collapses of the World Trade Center Tower (NIST NCSTAR 1). Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). September 2005 [2020-06-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-21).
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