世界童軍徽

世界童軍徽
版本

1920年─1939年，貝登堡爵士所採用的徽章版本

1939年─1955年，世界童軍委員會所採用的版本
細節
使用者世界童軍運動組織
啟用1920年（最早版本）
1955年（现今使用版本）
其他元素百合花飾

世界童軍徽（英語：World Scout Emblem）為世界童軍運動組織的徽章，適用於全球童軍活動成員與童軍服務員，以識別其成員身份。各國童軍組織可以決定其徽章的使用辦法與適用成員。

原始設計

1897年，羅伯特·貝登堡於印度服役時，就開始採用百合花飾箭頭狀的黃銅章，頒贈給經貝登堡訓練過的偵察兵。後來他於1907年時，製作了一個百合花飾銅章，贈送給所有參與白浪島實驗營隊的成員[1]。

貝登堡在其著作《童軍警探》中，納入了童軍布章的設計樣式，為一個簡單的百合花飾，其底部為捲軸，上面以英語書寫童軍銘言「準備」（Be Prepared）。他的理由認為，百合花飾一般用於地圖中的指北符號，而身為童軍，就是要藉由履行責任與幫助他人來作為一名領路人[2]。

百合花飾的三片花瓣象徵著服務他人、為神盡責與遵守童軍規律。此為童軍諾言中的三項原則，每一位童軍在加入童軍運動時都必須遵守。隨後在短時間內，百合花飾做了一些修改，增加了2個五角星，代表著知識與真理；而在三片花瓣下方則綁著一個紐帶，象徵童軍活動是一個大家庭[3]。

1939年，約翰·史金納·威爾森引入了一個國際童軍布章，其設計為銀色的百合花飾，背景為紫色，外圍有圓形邊框，環繞著五大洲英語名稱的銀色文字。當時對於這個徽章沒有統一的配戴規則，但曾經限制配戴人員為國際童軍委員會的前任與現任成員，以及國際童軍局的工作人員。隨後他也設計了與布章相似的童軍旗，也限定使用於國際童軍會議與聚會上。

現在的童軍徽章是在1955年，於第8次世界童軍大露營（英语：8th World Scout Jamboree）中啟用，設計者為前希臘童軍（英语：Boy Scouts of Greece）總監迪米特里奧斯·阿萊克薩圖斯（英语：Demetrios Alexatos）[4]。目前這份最終設計可使用於童軍制服上，其設計為一條繩子圍繞著百合花飾，並在底部打上平結。繩子象徵著世界童軍運動是一個大家庭，而繩結象徵著世界童軍運動團結的力量。徽章顏色的選擇有著紋章學的特點：百合花飾與繩子採用白色，代表純潔；而底色採用皇家紫色，代表著領導與服務[3]。

百合花飾的使用曾引發爭議，多數批評針對的是其軍事符號的象徵。然而，羅伯特·貝登堡本身反駁了這種連結，而且還說明與撰寫關於這個符號的多重意涵[1][5]。

組織使用方式

各國童軍組織會針對世界童軍徽，制訂不同的使用方式。

英國童軍總會

英國童軍總會將世界童軍徽訂為世界成員布章（World Membership Badge）[3]。此徽章用於童軍成員進入各童軍階段的獎勵，包含稚齡童軍、幼童軍、童軍、探險童軍與童軍連線，其宗旨是協助童軍成員理解童軍活動的承諾[6][7][8]。

美國童軍

美國童軍將世界童軍徽定為世界冠飾（World Crest），可裝飾在制服上，作為全球童軍活動的標誌。美國童軍於1956年至1991年，使用其徽章獎勵童軍成員與童軍服務員參與國際童軍活動，資格由各童軍會制訂。1991年，美國童軍正式將世界童軍徽定為所有童軍制服的一部份，原來做為獎勵的角色則以國際活動布章（英语：International Activity Patch）取代[5]。

參考文獻

引用

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Walker, "Johnny". The Fleur-de-lis and the Swastika. Scout Milestones. 2006 [2007-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-14）. 
  2. ^ Baden-Powell, Robert. Scouting for Boys. Oxford University Press. 1908: 34. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 The World Membership Badge (PDF). The Scout Association. [2007-02-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06）. 
  4. ^ John S. Wilson (1959), Scouting Round the World. First edition, Blandford Press. p. 268
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Walton, Mike. The World Crest Badge...(and why do we *all* wear it?). 1999 [2006-12-21]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-10）. 
  6. ^ Beaver Scout Badges: The Beaver Scout Membership Award. The Scout Association. [2007-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-15）. 
  7. ^ Scout Badges: The Scout Membership Award. The Scout Association. [2007-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-19）. 
  8. ^ Explorer Scout Badges: The Explorer Scout Membership Award. The Scout Association. [2007-12-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-28）. 

書籍

  • Scouting Round the World, John S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959, page 210.

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