Tầng Gelasia

Hệ/
Kỷ 		Thống/
Thế 		Bậc/
Kỳ 		Tuổi (Ka)
Đệ Tứ Holocen Meghalaya 0 4,250
Northgrip 4,250 8,236
Greenland 8,236 11,70
Pleistocen 'Trên'/Muộn 11,70 129,0
Chibania hay 'Giữa' 129,0 774,0
Calabria 774 1.806
Gelasia 1.806 2.588
Tân Cận Pliocen Piacenza 2.588 3.600
Ghi chú và tham khảo[1][2]
Subdivision of the Quaternary Period according to the ICS, as of May 2019.[1]

For the Holocene, dates are relative to the year 2000 (e.g. Greenlandian began 11,700 years before 2000). For the beginning of the Northgrippian a date of 8,236 years before 2000 has been set.[2] The Meghalayan has been set to begin 4,250 years before 2000.[1]

'Tarantian' is an informal, unofficial name proposed for a stage/age to replace the equally informal, unofficial 'Upper Pleistocene' subseries/subepoch.

In Europe and North America, the Holocene is subdivided into Preboreal, Boreal, Atlantic, Subboreal, and Subatlantic stages of the Blytt–Sernander time scale. There are many regional subdivisions for the Upper or Late Pleistocene; usually these represent locally recognized cold (glacial) and warm (interglacial) periods. The last glacial period ends with the cold Younger Dryas substage.

Tầng Gelasia (hay tầng Waltonia) theo truyền thống là một bậc hay tầng của thế Pliocen (theo ICS). Tuy nhiên trong phiên bản 2009 về niên đại địa chất của ICS thì nó đã được chuyển sang thế Pleistocen[3][4]. Nó kéo dài từ khoảng 2,588 ± 0,005 triệu năm trước (Ma) và kết thúc vào khoảng 1,806 ± 0,005 Ma[5]. Tầng Gelasia hiện nay cũng được INQUA coi là thời điểm bắt đầu của kỷ đệ Tứ[6].

Liên đoàn Quốc tế về Nghiên cứu Kỷ Đệ Tứ (INQUA) trước đây đã đề nghị là nên chuyển tầng Gelasia từ thế Pliocen sang thế Pleistocen nhằm đảm bảo cho niên đại địa chất trở nên phù hợp hơn với các thay đổi cơ bản trong khí hậu, đại dương và vùng sinh vật của Trái Đất đã diễn ra khi đó (2,588 Ma) cũng như phù hợp với ranh giới địa từ học Gauss-Matuyama[6] và hiện tại đề nghị này đã được phê chuẩn[4].

Tham khảo

  1. ^ a b c Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J.-X. (tháng 1 năm 2020). “International Chronostratigraphic Chart” (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 9 năm 2020.
  2. ^ a b Mike Walker; và đồng nghiệp (tháng 12 năm 2018). “Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period)” (PDF). Episodes. Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS). 41 (4): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 9 năm 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
  3. ^ IUGS ratified ICS Recommendation on redefinition of Pleistocene and formal definition of base of Quaternary ngày 30-6-2009.
  4. ^ a b Xem phiên bản 2009 về thang niên đại địa chất của ICS tại đây
  5. ^ GeoWhen Database - Gelasia
  6. ^ a b Clague John ctv (2006) "Open Letter by INQUA Executive Committee" Quaternary Perspective, the INQUA Newsletter Hiệp hội quốc tế về nghiên cứu kỷ đệ Tứ 16(1):
Kỷ Tân Cận
Miocen Pliocen Pleistocen Holocen
Aquitane | Burdigala | Langhe
Serravalle | Tortona | Messina 		Zancle | Piacenza Gelasia | Calabria
Chibania (Pleistocen giữa)
Tarantia (Pleistocen trên) 		Greenland | Northgrip
Meghalaya

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