Hằng số Boltzmann

Hằng số Boltzmann, ký hiệu kB hay k, phát hiện bởi Max Planck, lấy tên theo Ludwig Boltzmann, là 1 đại lượng chuyển đổi cơ bản giữa nhiệt độ và năng lượng.

kB = 1,38(24).10-23 J/K = 8,617(15).10-5 eV/K

Liên hệ giữa hằng số Boltzmann kB với hằng số khí R và hằng số Avogadro NA:

Ứng dụng

  • trong phương trình khí lý tưởng

Với
p: áp suất,
V: thể tích,
N: số nguyên tử hay phân tử,
T: nhiệt độ tuyệt đối; n: số mol
n: mật độ hạt
: số mol
  • tính hiệu điện thế nhiệt UT trong Vật lý bán dẫn
Với
T: nhiệt độ tuyệt đối,
q: (e) điện tích nguyên tử
Ở nhiệt độ phòng 27 °C (T = 300 K), UT ≈ 26 mV.[cần dẫn nguồn]

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