Topaz

Topaz (yun. topazos — Qizil dengizdagi orol nomidan) — orolli silikatlar sinfiga mansub mineral. Kimyoviy tarkibi Al2[SiO4][OH,F]r Fe2Q, Fe3Q, Ti, Cr, V va boshqa aralashmalarga ega. Romb singoniyada kristallanadi. Rangsiz, och sariq, och havo rang, pushti boʻlib, nur taʼsirida oʻzgaradi. Topazning 60–80 kg dan 120 kg gacha boʻlgan kristallari maʼlum. Qattikligi 8, zichligi 3,4—3,6 g/sm3. T. asosan, rangli pegmatit va pnevmotolit konlarida dala shpati, kvars, turmalin, berill, volframit, kassiterit bilan birga, baʼzan esa sochmalarda uchraydi. T.ning piknit, fizalit (pirafizalit) kabi turlari mavjud. Shaffof T. — uchinchi tartibli qimmatbaho tosh. T.li jinslar (greyzenlar) olovbardosh material sifatida ishlatiladi. T. konlari Ukraina, RF (Ural), Braziliya, Madagaskar va Yaponiyada mavjud. Oʻzbekistonda Qurama, Chatqol va Markaziy Qizilkum togʻlaridagi feyzenlarda uchraydi.

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.

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