Tmutarakan
Tmutarakan — Taman yarim oroldagi Taman stanitsasi yaqinidagi qad. rus shahri. VIII—IX asrlarda T. oʻrnida Xazar xokonligita. tobe boʻlgan Tamatarxa qishlogʻi joylashgan. Xazar xoqonligi 965-yil Kiyev knyazi Svyatoslav Igorevich tomonidan tormor etilgach, Tamatarxa oʻrnida T. vujudga kelgan. U bu yerda tashkil topgan Tmutarakan knyazligining siyosiy markazi boʻlgan. T. yirik savdo shahri sifatida rus knyazliklari, Shimoliy Kavkaz xalklari va Vizantiya bilan siyosiy va iqtisodiy aloqalar olib borgan. T.da kasoglar, greklar, alanlar, ruslar va armanlar yashagan. X asrda T. gʻishtdan ishlangan mustahkam mudofaa devori bilan oʻrab olingan. 1023-yil T.da xukmronlik qilgan knyaz Mstislav Vladimirovich Bogoroditsa cherkovini qurdirgan. XII asrda polovetslar (qipchoklar) zarbalari ostida T.ning rus yerlari bilan aloqasi uzilgan. T.da arxeologik qazish ishlari XIX asrdan XX asr oʻrtalarigacha olib borilgan.
 | Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan. |
 | Ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin. Bu andozani aniqrogʻiga almashtirish kerak. |
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