Mandu
Mandu (만두; 饅頭) — chuchvara va mantiga o’xshash koreys milliy taomi.
Ta’rix
Mandu aslida Xitoy taomidir, u Sharqiy Xan imperiyasi davrida paydo bo'lgan. Koreyada mandu Goryo davrida paydo bo'lgan. "Goryo tarixi"da 1343 yilda Qirol Chunxe hukmronligi davrida xizmatkorlardan biri Qirollik oshxonasiga kirib, manduni o'g'irlaganligi va buning uchun jazolangani haqida eslatib o'tilgan. "Mandu" taomining nomi 1643 yilda Koreyaning "qabul qilish bo'limining odob-axloq qoidalari namunalari" risolasida mavjud (kor. 영접도감의궤). Ushbu hujjatda aytilishicha, mandu Xitoy elchilariga taom sifatida tayyorlangan va xizmat qilgan.
Tayyorlanishi va turlari
Mandu turli xil masalliqlar bilan tayyorlanadi, ko'pincha birlashtiriladi. Bular go'sht (cho'chqa go'shti, parranda go'shti), baliq, dengiz mahsulotlari, tofu, soya (yoki mung loviya) ko'chatlari, piyoz, yashil piyoz, qo'ziqorin (birinchi navbatda shiitake), karam (oq karam, Pekin karami), tsukkini qovoqi va boshqalar. Kimchi bilan tayyorlanadigan mandu ham bor. Tayyorlash va dasturxonga qo’yishda an'anaviy Osiyo ziravorlari ishlatiladi: soya sousi, chig’anoq sousi, kunjut yog'i.
Manda turli xil usullar bilan tayyorlanadi: qaynatiladi, bug'lanadi, qovuriladi, dimlanadi. Skovorodkada qovurilgan mandu kunmandu deyiladi (kor. 군만두); bug'da pishirilgan — chinmandu (kor. 찐만두); bulyonda yoki suvda qaynatilgan — mulmandu (kor. 물만두). Koreyslar manduni bulyonda pishiradilar: ko'pincha — baliq bulyonida, ba’zida esa mol go'shti qaynatilgan bulyonda. Xamir bug'doy yoki grechka unidan tayyorlanishi mumkin, tarkibida kraxmal bo’lishi mumkin. Ko'pincha xamir bilan o’rash o'rniga baliq, go'sht, sabzavot bilan o’raladi. Masalan, baliq mandularida qobiq sifatida baliq ishlatiladi.
Mandu shakllari ham turli xil. Koreyslar pxyonsu kvadrat mandu (kor. 편수); kyuasan oval mandu (kor.규아상); kichik uchburchakka o'xshash kolmumandu (kor.골무만두); sonnyumandu — kichkina qop (yoki anor) shaklida — (kor. 석류만두); temandu - katta va cheburekga o'xshash (kor. 대만두); somandu — qirralari birlashtirilgan kichik chuchvara (kor. 소만두).
 | Bu maqola birorta turkumga qoʻshilmagan. Iltimos, maqolaga aloqador turkumlar qoʻshib yordam qiling. (Aprel 2024) |
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