Kusunda
Kusunda yoki Ban Raja („oʻrmon odamlari“) Nepalda yashovchi qabiladir; etnik jihatdan chepang xalqi bilan bogʻliq, ammo chepanglardan farqli oʻlaroq ular uylarda emas, balki oʻrmonda yashaydilar. Oʻz urf-odatlarida hind taʼsirini his qilsa-da, Animizmga eʼtiqod qilishadi. 2001-yilgi roʻyxatga olish maʼlumotlariga koʻra, 164 kusunda bor edi, ulardan 160 tasi oʻzlarini hindular deb eʼlon qildi va 4tasi — buddistlar sifatida.
Ular ilgari Tibet-Burman oilasiga mansub deb hisoblangan kusund tilida gapirishadi, ammo zamonaviy gʻoyalarga koʻra, izolyatsiya qilingan. Yaqin vaqtgacha kusunda tilida gapiradigan faqat bir keksa onaxon qolgan deb hisoblanar edi, lekin bir necha yil oldin Nepalda uzoq oʻrmon hududida, bu tilda gapiradigan yana uch kishi topilgan degan tasdiqlanmagan maʼlumot paydo boʻldi.
Adabiyotlar
- Ruhlen, Merritt. The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
- D. E. Watters (2005): Notes on Kusunda Grammar. NFDIN Katmandu, ISBN 99946-35-35-2.
- P. Whitehouse, T. Usher, M. Ruhlen & William S.-Y. Wang (2004): Kusunda: An Indo-Pacific language in Nepal, PNAS 101:5692-5695 (free access)
Havolalar
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