Involyusiya
Involyusiya (lot. involutio — egiklik, bukiklik, oʻrama) — 1) biologiya da — evolyusiya jarayonida oʻz ahamiyatini yoʻqotgan ayrim organlarning qisman yoki toʻliq reduksiyaga uchrashi (kichrayib ketishi, yoʻqolishi). I. organlarning soddalashuvi bilan ular morfo-fiziologik funksiyalarining sekinlashuvi orqali sodir boʻladi. (qarang Parazitizm, Rudiment organlar). Muayyan sabablarga koʻra hajmi kattalashgan organlarning (masalan: bachadonning tugʻishdan keyin) oʻz holatiga qaytishi; yoshga qarab organizmlar toʻqima va organlarining yoʻqolib ketishi; mikroblar, bir hujayrali xayvonlar noqulay sharoit taʼsirida gʻayritabiiy shaklga kirganida ularning qayta tiklanishi, degeneratsiyayen hamda gastrulyasiya jarayonida invaginatsiya tufayli hujayralarning ichkariga botib kirishi ham I. deyiladi; 2) matematikada — tekislik (fazo)ni almashtirish takrorlanganda ayniy almashtirish beradigan almashtirish; masalan: inversiya, markaziy yoki oʻqaviy simmetriya I. hisoblanadi. [1]
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