Тускарора (плем'я)

Представники тускарора

Тускарора (англ. Tuscarora) — корінне індіанське плем'я, представники якого мешкають наразі в штатах Нью-Йорк, Північна Кароліна, а також в Канаді.

Назва та мова

Буквальне значення назви племені — «збирачі конопель» або «люди, що носять сорочки».

Мова тускарора належить до північних ірокезьких мов.

Території

Історична батьківщина тускарора — Північна Кароліна та Вірджинія, де вони вперше зіткнулися з європейцями.

Починаючи приблизно з 1713 року під час Тускарорської війни більшість тускарора почали міграцію на північ: в сучасні Західну Вірджинію, Меріленд та Нью-Йорк. Вони оселилися між племенами онондага та онейда та ввійшли в склад Ірокезької конфедерації.

Демографія

За різними даними у 1708—1710 роках в племені налічувалося від 1200 до 2000 воїнів. Історики припускають, що загальна чисельність тускарора на початку XVIII століття могла сягати 5000 тисяч[1].

Наразі чисельність тускарора складає приблизно 17 тисяч осіб[2].

В літературі

У романі Джеймса Фенімора Купера «Слідопит» дійовими особами є подружжя тускарора: Ерроухед (Гостра Стріла) та Червнева Роса[3].

Примітки

Джерела

  • Hodge F. W. Handbook on American Indians / Frederick Webb Hodge. — Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1906.
  • Trigger B. Northeast / Bruce G. Trigger. — Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1978. — 924 с. — (Handbook of the North American Indians).
  • Wallace A. Tuscarora: A History / Anthony F. C. Wallace. — Albany: State University of New York Press, 2012. — 278 c.

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