Клітини Мюллера

Клітини Мюллера — гліальні клітини сітківки ока хребетних.

Загальн характеристика

Це другі по частоті клітини сітківки після нейронів. Деякі автори вважають їх спеціалізованими фібрилярними астроцитами. Вперше описані німецьким анатомом Генріхом Мюллером (1820–1864).

Гістологія

Особливістю мюллерівських клітин є те, що вони простягаються від внутрішньої пограничної мембрани (межує зі скловидним тілом) до зовнішньої пограничної мембрани. Тіла клітин знаходяться у внутрішньому ядерному шарі.

Оптичне значення

Втрата архітектоніки клітин Мюллера має значення при відшаруванні сітківки. Згідно з результатами дослідження при Лейпцизькому університеті 2007 року показали, що клітини Мюллера мають світлопровідну функцію. Вони збирають світло з передньої поверхні сітківки і проводять його до фоторецепторів, розміщених на задній поверхні сітківки, подібно до оптично-волоконного кабелю.[1][2] Без мюллерівських клітин світло потраплятиме на фоторецептори в розсіяному вигляді, це приведе до зниження гостроти зору.

Література

  • Franze K, Grosche J, Skatchkov SN, Schinkinger S, Foja C, Schild D, Uckermann O, Travis K, Reichenbach A, Guck J. (2007): Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(20):8287-8292.

Примітки

  1. ↑ Lichtleiter in der Netzhaut, Kristian Franze, Spektrum der Wissenschaft 10/07 S16 ff
  2. ↑ - Pressemitteilung 2007/ 082 der Universität Leipzig: «Geheimnis des Sehens gelüftet»[недоступне посилання з червня 2019] vom 2. Mai 2007

Read other articles:

BMW X3 (F25)

BMW X3 (F25)InformasiProdusenBMWMasa produksi2010–sekarangModel untuk tahun2011–sekarangPerakitanGreer, Carolina Selatan, Amerika Serikat (BMW America)Chennai, India (BMW India)[1]PerancangAnders Warming (2007)Bodi & rangkaKelasSUV kompakBentuk kerangka4-door SUVTata letakMesin depan, penggerak roda belakang / 4WDPenyalur dayaMesin3.0L I6 (240 HP) 3.0L Twin Turbo I6 (300 HP) 2.0L Diesel I4 (184 HP)Transmisi6-speed manual8-speed ZF 8HP automaticDimensiJarak sumbu roda...

 

Rumah Pedagang Abad Pertengahan

Rumah Pedagang Abad PertengahanJenisBerkerangka kayuLetak58 French Street, SouthamptonKoordinat50°53′55″N 1°24′19″W / 50.8985°N 1.4052°W / 50.8985; -1.4052Koordinat: 50°53′55″N 1°24′19″W / 50.8985°N 1.4052°W / 50.8985; -1.4052Penanda persegi OSSU 41917 11180LuasHampshireDibangun1290PemilikEnglish Heritage Listed Building – Grade INama resmi: Medieval Merchant's HouseDitetapkan14 Juli 19531092048 Lokasi Rumah Pedagang Ab...

 

Temari (Naruto)

Karakter dalam seri NarutoTemariテマリPenampilan perdanaMangachapter 34Animeepisode 20Pengisi suaraInggrisTara PlattJepangRomi Park Informasi karakter ProfilJenis kelaminPerempuanUsiaBagian I: 15-16Bagian II: 18-20Tinggi1.593 cm (52 ft 3 in)  – (Serial Naruto) 165 cm (5 ft 5 in)  – (Serial Naruto Shippuden)Afiliasi •  SunagakureTimTim BakiTingkatanTingkatan ninjaBagian I: GeninBagian II: JōninNo. reg. ninja53-004Lulus akademi12 ...

Guerreros de terracota

Mausoleo de Qin Shi Huang Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la Unesco Vista general de la Sala 1 Mausoleo de Qin Shi HuangUbicación en República Popular China.LocalizaciónPaís China ChinaCoordenadas 34°23′06″N 109°16′23″E / 34.385, 109.27305555556Datos generalesTipo CulturalCriterios I, III, IV, VIIdentificación 441Región Asia y OceaníaInscripción 1987 (XI sesión) Sitio web oficial [editar datos en Wikidata] Los Guerreros de terracota son una cole...

 

Printmaking

Process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper This article is about techniques of printmaking as a fine art. For the history of printmaking in Europe, see Old master print. For the Japanese printmaking tradition, see Ukiyo-e. Katsushika Hokusai The Underwave off Kanagawa, 1829/1833, color woodcut, Rijksmuseum Collection Rembrandt, Self-portrait, etching, c. 1630 Francisco Goya, There is No One To Help Them, Disasters of War series, aquatint c. 1810 Printmaking is the...

 

Bob Locker

American baseball player (1938–2022) Baseball player Bob LockerLocker in 1973PitcherBorn: (1938-03-15)March 15, 1938George, Iowa, U.S.Died: August 15, 2022(2022-08-15) (aged 84)Bozeman, Montana, U.S.Batted: SwitchThrew: RightMLB debutApril 14, 1965, for the Chicago White SoxLast MLB appearanceJune 20, 1975, for the Chicago CubsMLB statisticsWin–loss record57–39Earned run average2.75Strikeouts577Saves95 Teams Chicago White Sox (1965–1969) Seattle Pilo...

Yarn

Long continuous length of interlocked fibres For other uses, see Yarn (disambiguation). This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (May 2022) YarnBalls of yarn A visual of twisted yarn Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, used in sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, ropemaking, and the production of textiles.&#...

 

爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽

爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽ედუარდ შევარდნაძე第2任格鲁吉亚總統任期1995年11月26日—2003年11月23日前任茲維亞德·加姆薩胡爾季阿继任米哈伊尔·萨卡什维利苏联外交部部长任期1985年7月2日—1990年12月20日总书记米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫前任安德烈·葛罗米柯继任亚历山大·别斯梅尔特内赫 个人资料出生(1928-01-25)1928年1月25日苏联外高加索苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国古...

 

Kellogg's

American multinational food company This article is about the global snack and cereal company. For the North American cereal company spun off from it, see WK Kellogg Co. For other uses, see Kellogg (disambiguation). KellanovaFormerlyKellogg CompanyCompany typePublicTraded asNYSE: KS&P 500 componentIndustryFood processingFoundedFebruary 19, 1906; 118 years ago (1906-02-19) (as Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company) inBattle Creek, Michigan, U.S.FounderWill Keith Ke...

الأزمة المغربية الأولى

جزء من سلسلة حول تاريخ المغرب ما قبل التاريخ أشولينية موستيرية عاترية إيبيروموريسية قبصية عصور قديمة (القرن الثامن قبل الميلاد إلى القرن السابع الميلادي) موريطنية أوائل العصر الإسلامي(القرن الثامن إلى القرن العاشر) الفتح الإسلامي الدولة الأموية ثورة الأمازيغ إمارة نكور �...

 

Llazi Sërbo

Albanian actor (1945–2010) Llazi SërboBorn(1945-03-09)9 March 1945Korçë, AlbaniaDied12 September 2010(2010-09-12) (aged 65)Korçë, AlbaniaOccupation(s)Actor, directorYears active1970–2010 Llazi Sërbo (9 March 1945 – 12 September 2010) was an Albanian actor. His 40-year-long activity included around 100 roles. He is particularly remembered for the films Yjet e Neteve te gjata (English: Stars of Long Nights) (1972) and Operacioni Zjarri (English: Operation Fire) (1973), whe...

 

Bioenergi

Contoh paling sederhana mengenai pemanfaatan biomassa untuk mendapatkan energi, adalah pembakaran kayu. Contoh mesin yang mampu mengekstraksi bioenergi dengan teknologi tinggi, menggunakan mesin Stirling yang mampu memanfaatkan panas dari pembakaran biomassa secara efisien Fasilitas pengolahan tebu di Piracicaba, São Paulo yang memanfaatkan limbah bagasse sebagai bahan bakar untuk menghasilkan listrik dan panas Bioenergi adalah energi terbarukan yang didapatkan dari sumber biologis, umumnya ...

History of the Jews in Libya

The location of Libya in Africa Part of a series onJews and Judaism Etymology Who is a Jew? Religion God in Judaism (names) Principles of faith Mitzvot (613) Halakha Shabbat Holidays Prayer Tzedakah Land of Israel Brit Bar and bat mitzvah Marriage Bereavement Baal teshuva Philosophy Ethics Kabbalah Customs Rites Synagogue Rabbi Texts Tanakh Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim Talmud Mishnah Gemara Rabbinic Midrash Tosefta Targum Beit Yosef Mishneh Torah Tur Shulchan Aruch Zohar History...

 

Gigantour

Traveling heavy metal music festival GigantourTour by Megadeth(See: full listing)The Gigantour 2005 web banner, before Anthrax was announced to join the festivalDate(s)July 21 – September 11, 2005September 6 – October 24, 2006November 10, 2007 – May 22, 2008January – March 2012Legs7 Gigantour was a sporadically organized traveling heavy metal music festival organized by Dave Mustaine of Megadeth. The tour was founded in 2005 with dates across North America (see also Gigantour 2005), a...

 

Research institute

Establishment endowed for doing research Researcher working in a laboratory. A research institute, research centre, research center or research organization is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social science as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes. Famous r...

2007 North Dorset District Council election

Local election in Dorset Map of North Dorset showing the results of the 2007 local election. Elections to North Dorset District Council were held on 3 May 2007, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 33 seats were up for election. The Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control. Results Results[1] Party Seats before Seats after Change Conservative Party 15 17 2 Liberal Democrats 13 13 Other 5 3 2 References ^ BBC NEWS | Election 2007 | Local C...

 

GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator

GABAA receptor positive modulators Fig 1. Chemical structure of gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABAFig 2. Schematic diagram of a GABAA receptor protein ((α1)2(β2)2(γ2)) which illustrates the five combined subunits that form the protein, the chloride (Cl-) ion channel pore, the two GABA active binding sites at the α1 and β2 interfaces, and the benzodiazepine (BZD) allosteric binding site at the α1 and γ2 interface. In pharmacology, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, also known a...

 

Takao Station (Tokyo)

Railway station in Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan Takao Station高尾駅The JR side of Takao Station in 2021General informationLocationHachiōji City, TokyoJapanCoordinates35°38′32″N 139°16′55″E / 35.642223°N 139.281814°E / 35.642223; 139.281814Operated by JR East Keio Corporation Line(s) ■ Chūō Main Line JC Chūō Rapid Line Keio Line Platforms3 island platformsLocationTakao StationLocation within TokyoShow map of TokyoTakao StationTakao Station (Kanto Area)S...

Johannes Stark

German physicist and Nobel laureate This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Johannes Stark – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Johannes StarkStark in 1919Born(1874-04-15)15 April 1874Schickenhof, German EmpireDied21 June 1957(1957-06...

 

Giacomo Leopardi

Dieser Artikel behandelt den Dichter und Philologen. Zum gleichnamigen Politiker siehe Giacomo Leopardi (Politiker). Giacomo Leopardi Giacomo Leopardi (Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco Salesio Saverio Pietro Leopardi, * 29. Juni 1798 in Recanati; † 14. Juni 1837 in Neapel) war ein italienischer Dichter, Essayist und Philologe. Neben Alessandro Manzoni kam ihm eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erneuerung der italienischen Literatursprache im 19. Jahrhundert zu. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Klischees und...