Шестикратний зв'язок

Схема молекулярних орбіталей для молекули димолібдену. Спостерігається утворення шістьох зв'язуючих молекулярних орбіталей.
Шестикратний зв'язок
Попередник п'ятикратний зв'язок

Шестикратний зв'язок — форма хімічного зв'язку між двома атомами у молекулі, що утворена шістьма електронними парами.

Теоретично можливі шестикратні зв'язки можуть утворюватися у диатомних молекул хімічних елементів шостої групи періодичної системи (дихром Cr2, димолібден Mo2, дивольфрам W2) як і у диуранових молекул U2[1]. Перекриття атомних орбіталей атомів цих елементів теоретично можливе, проте при цьому будуть також зайняті і розпушуючі орбіталі, так що фактичний ефективний порядок хімічного зв'язку не досягатиме шести. Порахований ефективний порядок хімічного зв'язку є 3,5 для Cr2, 5,2 для Mo2 та W2 і 4,2 для U2[1]. Таким чином можна лише говорити про наближення для цих диатомних молекул до шестикратного зв'язку.

Експеримент

Молекула димолібдену Mo2 отримана при низькій температурі (7 K) за допомогою техніки випаровування лазером та спостерігалася спектроскопією ближньої області інфрачервоного випромінювання[en] або ультрафіолетовою спектроскопією[2]. Синглетний стан очікується для молекул димолібдену і також для дихрому[3]. Підтверджено збільшену кратність зв'язку за його довжиною Mo-Mo, що становить 1.94 Å.

Примітки

  1. ↑ а б Björn O. Roos, Antonio C. Borin, Laura Gagliardi: Reaching the Maximum Multiplicity of the Covalent Chemical Bond. In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 46, 2007, S. 1469–1472 (DOI:10.1002/anie.200603600).
  2. ↑ D. Kraus, M. Lorenz et V. E. Bondybey, " On the dimers of the VIB group: a new NIR electronic state of Mo2 ", PhysChemComm, vol. 4, № 10,‎ 2001, ст. 44-48 DOI:10.1039/B104063B
  3. ↑ Gabriel Merino, Kelling J. Donald, Jason S. D'Acchioli et Roald Hoffmann, " The Many Ways To Have a Quintuple Bond ", Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 129, № 49,‎ 2007, ст. 15295-15302 DOI:10.1021/ja075454b

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