Нунатак

Нунатак Стар, Земля Вікторії, Антарктида.
Нунатаки Східної Гренландії.

Нунатак (від гренл. nuna — «поодинокий» та гренл. taaq — «скеля», «вершина») — окрема скеля, кам'яний виступ, що виступає над поверхнею льодовика. Слово ескімоського походження, що увійшло в європейські мови не пізніше 1880-х років.[1] Нунатаки є звичною формою периферійного рельєфу льодовиків Антарктиди, Гренландії та Канадського Арктичного архіпелагу у зоні абляції, де товща криги менша.[2]

Ті нунатаки, які раніше цілком вкривалися льодом, мають округлі вершини, часто вкриті льодовиковим штрихуванням. Для їх позначення іноді використовують термін ісландського походження «нунакол» (англ. Nunakol).[3]

Примітки

  1. ↑ Нунатак у словнику Мерріам-Вебстер (Merriam-Webster) з 1877 року. (англ.)
  2. ↑ Гляциологический словарь / В. М. Котляков. — Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1984. — 528 с. (рос.)
  3. ↑ Taylor, Thomas Griffith. Antarctic adventure and research. p. 127–129. New York, London, D. Appleton and co. (1930). (англ.)

Література

  1. Sir Ernest Shackleton. South: The Endurance Expedition. Penguin, London, 2002, (First edition, William Heinimann, 1909). (англ.)
  2. Епслі Черрі-Гаррард[en]. The Worst Journey in the World. Pimlico, London, 2003. (англ.)
  3. Roald Amundsen The South Pole. John Murray, London, 1929 (стор. 247, volume 2: Chapter XV: The Eastern Sledge Journey, by Lt. Kristian Prestrud). (англ.)
  4. R. J. Rogerson. Nunatak. The canadian Encyclopedia, 2008. (англ.)
  5. Klaus Dierßen. Vegetation Nordeuropas. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996. стор. 59-63. (нім.)
  6. Eilif Dahl. The Nunatak Theory Reconsidered. Research in Arctic Life and Earth Sciences. Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives: Proceedings of a Symposium Held 4-6 September, 1985, at Abisko, Sweden. In: Mats Sonesson, Naturvetenskapliga forskningsrådet, Forskningsrådsnämnden (Hrsg.): Ecological Bulletins. Nr. 38, Blackwell Publishing, Abisko 1987, ISBN 87-16-10034-4, стор. 77-95. (англ.)
  7. Håvard Juliussen, Ole Humlum. Preservation of block fields beneath Pleistocene ice sheets on SØlen and Elgåhogna, central-eastern Norway. In: Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie. 51, Nr. 2, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, November 2002, ISSN 1864–1687, стор. 113–138. (англ.)
  8. George H. Denton, Terence J. Hughes. The Last Great Ice Sheets. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1981, ISBN 0-471-06006-2, стор. 292–293. (англ.)


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