Гірська тундра

Полонина в Українських Карпатах
Полонина. Бескиди, Польща
Яйла

Гірська тундра (також альпійська тундра, високогірна тундра) — тип екосистем (або біом) у схемі вертикальної зональності, аналогічний тундрі.

Гірські тундри утворюють висотну зону в горах субарктичного і помірного пояса. В Україні в Карпатах вони називаються полонинами, в Криму — яйлами. На кам'янистих і щебінчастих ґрунтах від висотних рідколісь вони починаються чагарниковим поясом, як і в рівнинній тундрі. Вище розташовані мохово-лишайникові з подушкоподібними напівчагарничками і деякими травами. Верхній пояс гірських тундр представлений накипними лишайниками, розрідженими приземкуватими подушкоподібними чагарничками і мохами серед кам'яних розсипів.

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