İskelet kası

İskelet kası

İskelet kası, üç kas dokusu türünden biri. Çizgili kasın bir türü olan iskelet kasları, somatik sinir sistemi tarafından uyarılır. Böylece isteğe bağlı hareketi sağlar. Çoğu iskelet kası, kemiklere kolajen demetlerinden oluşan tendonlarla bağlanır.

Kas hücresi "sarkolemma" adı verilen hücre zarı ile çevrilidir. Her kas hücresi ayrıca endomisyum denen bağ doku ile sarılıdır. Lif demetleri (kas demetleri) bir araya gelerek lif demetlerini (fasciculus) oluştururlar. Bu demetleri saran bağ doku perimisyumdur. Lif demetlerinin bir araya gelmesiyle de iskelet kası oluşur. Bunu epimisyum adı verilen bağ doku sarar. Ayrıca bunun da üzerinde tüm vücut kaslarını saran fasya adı verilen bir bağ doku vardır.

Kas hücrelerinde sarkoplazma vardır. Bu sarkoplazma içerisinde asılı halde bulunan yüzlerce miyofibril vardır. Miyofibriller protein yapısındaki ince ve kalın miyofilamentlerden oluşmuştur. Bunlardan ince olanı ağırlıklı olarak aktin olmak üzere troponin ve tropomiyozin moleküllerinden, kalın olan ise miyozin moleküllerinden oluşmuştur. Bu nedenle ince ve kalın filamentler sırasıyla aktin ve miyozin filamentleri olarak da tanımlanırlar. Miyozin filamentleri orta bölgeleri dışında, çapraz köprüler içerirler. Çapraz köprülerin başlarında miyozin ATPaz enzimi yer alır. Bu enzim ATP’yi parçalayarak ADP+P+enerji oluşturur.

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