Yakup'un Merdiveni ve Yakup'un Melekle Güreşi

Yakup’un Merdiveni ve Yakup’un Melekle Güreşi, İstanbul'da günümüzde Kariye Camii olan eski Bizans kilise yapısının pareklezyon bölümündeki bir fresktir.

Chora Manastırı kilisesinin pareklezyon bölümü, on dördüncü yüzyılın başında bir mezar şapeli olarak yaptırılmış ve fresklerle bezenmiş bir yapıdır. Yahudiliğin atalarından kabul edilen Yakub ile ilgili Yahudi kutsal kitabında yeri olan "Yakup'un rüyası" ve "Tanrı ile güreşmesi" olaylarını sahneleyen fresk yapının batısında, kuzey duvarı timpanumu batısında yer alır.^[1]

Manastırın kretoru (kurucusu) olan Metokhites ile Metokhites'in bazı yakınlarının mezarlarının bulunduğu bu bölümde duvarlar mozaik ve mermer kaplamalardan ziyade, fresklerle süslenmişti. Bu freskin sol alt köşesinde, Yakub yerde uyur vaziyettedir; tam arkasında bir merdiven bulunur. Yakub'un başının üzerinde "Ve Yakub yerdeki taşlardan birini aldı ve onu başının altına koydu ve uykuya daldı.."” yazar. Bu yazının sağ tarafında, önceki yazının devamı olan “..ve o yerde rüya gördü..” yazısı vardır; yanında güreş sahnesi yer alır.^[2]

Freskin üstünde sağ tarafta ise “..ve yer yüzünde duran bir merdiven gördü, ucu göklere ulaşan ve Tanrı’nın melekleri o merdivenden inmekte ve çıkmaktaydılar. Ve Tanrı, onun üzerinde durmaktaydı” yazısı vardır.^[1]

Gökyüzü küresinin içinde Meryem’in başı üzerinde "Tanrı Anası" monogramı yer almaktadır. Merdivenden iki melek aşağı iner, başka ikisi yukarı çıkar iken görülür. Merdiven ile sağ üst köşede, iç içe daire şeklinde gösterilen gökyüzüne ulaşır. Burada kucağında çocuk İsa ile Meryem bulunmaktadır.^[2]

Merdivenin alt bölümünde Yakub ile bir melek, güreşe tutuşmuş şekilde tasvir edilmiştir.^[1]

Kaynakça

^ ^a ^b ^c Uygun, Ilgaz. "Chora Manastırı Kilisesi Parekkelsion Resim Programı". Anadolu Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, Mayıs 2013. 1 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ağustos 2020.
^ ^a ^b Akyürek, T. Engin. "Kariye Parekklesionu: Bir Mezar Şapeli Olarak İkonografik Programının Yorumlanması ve İşlevi". İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü doktora tezi, 1995. Erişim tarihi: 26 Kasım 2020.

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