Mor Kalp

Mor Kalp
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Silahlı Kuvvetleri tarafından verilir
Ülke ABD
TürAskerî madalya
Olası Hak
Sahipleri		Askerî personel
Gerekçe"Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin düşmanına karşı herhangi bir eylemde veya silahlı kuvvetlere düşman veya karşı bir eylem ölen veya yaralanan askerlere verilmektedir"
DurumVerilmeye devam etmektedir
İstatistikler
İlk Verilişi22 Şubat 1932
Toplam Verilişi1,910,162 (yaklaşık)[1]
Öncelik
ÜstBronz Yıldız Madalyası[2]
AstSavunma Üstün Hizmet Madalyası[2]

Mor Kalp (İngilizce: Purple Heart), askerlik hizmeti sırasında yaralanan veya ölen kişilere verilen bir ABD askerî madalyasıdır.

Tarihçe

Mor Kalp Madalyası ilk olarak 1932 yılında ABD Başkanı'nın Fermanına esasen George Washington'un 200. yıldönümü şerefine oluşturuldu. 22 Şubat 1932 tarihinde Savaş Bakanlığı'nın ilan ettiği kriterlere göre madalya ABD'nin I. Dünya Savaşı'na katıldığı 5 Nisan 1917 tarihinden sonra askerî operasyonlarda yaralanmış veya ölmüş askerlere verilebilir.

İlk Mor Kalp madalyası ABD Ordusu Genelkurmay Başkanı General Douglas MacArthur'a verilmiştir.

ABD Başkanı'nın 23 Şubat 1984 tarihli 12464 sayılı fermanına göre 28 Mart 1973 tarihinden sonra terör eylemleri sonucunda veya ABD'nin barış operasyonları kapsamında yaralanan ve ölen askerler de Mor Kalp madalyası ile ödüllendirilebilirler.

II. Dünya Savaşı döneminde bu madalyadan yaklaşık 500,000 adet hazırlanmıştı. Bu savaşın sona ermesinden bu yana geçen 60 yılı aşkın dönemde Kore ve Vietnam savaşları dahil olmak üzere verilen Mor kalp madalyalarının sayısı bu rakama hiç ulaşamamıştır. 2003 yılına ait olan bilgiye göre bu madalyalardan 120,000'i halen yedekte kaldı.

National Geographic dergisinin Kasım 2009 sayısındaki verilere göre şimdiye kadar "Mor Kalp" madalyasının askeri çatışmalara göre dağılımı aşağıdaki gibidir:[1]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b "History: Purple Hearts". National Geographic (November 2008): 33.
  2. ^ a b "Manual of Military Decorations and Awards: DoD-Wide Performance and Valor Awards; Foreign Awards; Military Awards to Foreign Personnel and U.S. Public Health Service Officers; and Miscellaneous Information" (PDF). DoD Manual 1348.33, Vol. 3. Department of Defense. 3 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 22 Ağustos 2016. 

Dış bağlantılar

Wikimedia Commons'ta Mor Kalp ile ilgili ortam dosyaları bulunmaktadır.

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