Kerosen

Kerosen

Kerosen, genellikle sanayide kullanılan bir petrol türevidir. Kerosen halk dilinde gazyağı diye geçen maddenin daha gelişmiş ve içerik olarak süzülmüş olanıdır. 150 °C ile 270 °C arasında petrolün çok ince bir şekilde damıtılmasıyla elde edilir. Parlama derecesi 40 °C'dir.

Petrol ürünleri içinde yer alan benzin, gaz yağı, motorin gibi yakıtların içinde bulunan parafin özellikle dizel araçlarda düşük sıcaklıklarda sıvı akışkanlığını donduracak kadar sıvılık özelliğini kaybeder. Bu açıdan uçak motorlarında dizel yakıt kullanılamamaktadır. Parafin dizel yakıta göre az oranda da olsa benzin içinde de bulunur. Bu açıdan çok düşük sıcaklıklarda sıvının akışkanlığını kaybetmemesi için kerosen kullanılır. Yanıcılığının yanı sıra düşük sıcaklıklarda sıvılık özelliğini kaybetmediği için %20 oranında hava taşıtlarında kullanılan yakıtların içine karıştırılır. Benzinden daha zor alev alır ama benzinden daha fazla da ısı verir. Yanma açısından çok ince olan kerosen saf hâlde kullanıldığında yarattığı aşırı sıcaklık ile motorun yanmasına ya da pistonların yatak sarmasına sebebiyet verebilir.

Kerosen parlama derecesi olan 40 °C'nin altındaki herhangi bir ateş temasında yanmamasından ötürü “Uçak yakıtı” olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Böylece herhangi bir kaza/kırım anında yangın çıkartma riski asgari seviyeye indirgenmektedir. Kerosen yakıtının donma noktası -47 °C ila -49 °C olduğundan dolayı, içerisinde su yoksa, benzin tank manifoldlarından donmadan kolayca motora akar. Kerosen, havacılıkta “Jet-A1” olarak da bilinir^. Yakıtın birim hacminin kütlesine yakıt yoğunluğu denir. Yakıt yoğunluğu sıcaklıkla ters orantılı olarak değişmektedir. Deniz seviyesinde standart yakıt yoğunluğu:

Metrik olarak 0,803 kg/l.
İngiliz, Amerikan sistemine göre ise 6,70 Lb/US galondur.

Kullanım alanları

  • Sanayide pas giderici,
  • Bilimsel ve endüstriyel alanlarda,
  • Sıvı yakıtlı roketlerde roket yakıtı olarak,
  • Japon sobalarında yakıt,
  • Yapısı itibarı ile benzinden daha kalın olan bu yakıtın yanıcılığı benzinden daha fazla olduğu için benzindeki oktanı yükseltmek için de kullanılır.

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