Elektron (alaşım)

İlk para darbı için kullanılan metallerin temin edildiği nehir olan Sart Çayı
Kuvars üzerinde bulunan natürel elekrum "kabloları"
Elektrondan yapılmış Lidya parası

Elektron, elektrum[1] veya yeşil altın, altın, gümüş ve eser miktarda bakır ve diğer bazı diğer metallerden doğal şekilde oluşan bir alaşımdır. İçindeki metaller in oranına göre parlak sarı ile soluk sarı arasındaki bir renge sahiptir.

En erken MS 3. milenyumda Antik Mısır'da kullanıldığı tespit edilen bu metal, Obeliskleri ve Piramitlerin tepelerinin dış kaplamasında kullanılıyordu. Bu metal aynı zamanda kadeh yapımında da kullanılıyordu. Bilinen ilk para olan ve MS 7.yüzyılın sonuna veya 6. yüzyıl başına tarihlendirilen, Lidya parası da bu metalden yapılmıştır.

Etimoloji

Takribi 1080 yıllarında darbolunmuş İmparator Aleksios Komnenos devri Bizans parası

Elektron ismi Yunanca: ἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron) kelimesinin Latinize edilmiş şekli olup Altının ve gümüş ile karıştırılması ile elde edilen bir metal manasına gelir. Aynı kelime kehribar manasında da, muhtemelen rengi sebebiyle[2], kullanılmıştır. Elekrostatik özelliği sebebiyle kumaş, post gibi yüzeylere sürtüldüğünde kıvılcım çıkartması ve saç teli, saman, odun kıymığı gibi hafif maddeleri kendine çekmesi gibi özellikleriyle insanların merakını cezbeden kehribar, bu fenomene dair kaydedilen ilk deneyleri yapan William Gilbert'in buna sebep olan kuvvete verdiği isim olan "elektrik" kelimesinin ve dolaylı olarak "elektron" kelimesin de, kökenidir.[3][4][5] Yani "elektrum", "elektron" ve "elektrik" kelimelerini aynı kelimeden türemiştir.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Tekin, Prof. Dr. Erdoğan. Metalbilim ve Gereçbilim İngilizce-Türkçe Karşılıklar Sözlüğü (PDF). s. 127. 19 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 22 Haziran 2024. 
  2. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Electrum, Elektron". Encyclopædia Britannica 9.Cilt (11. edisyon). Cambridge University Press. sayfa 252
  3. ^ "elektrik". Nişanyan Sözlük. 31 Ocak 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Haziran 2024. 
  4. ^ "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 31 Aralık 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Haziran 2024. 
  5. ^ MAT, Mahmut (31 Ekim 2021). "Amber : Mineral, Gemstone | Properties, Formation, Occurrence". Geology Science (İngilizce). 1 Ekim 2023 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Haziran 2024. 
  • F. Bodenstedt, Die Elektromünzen von Phokaia und Mytilene (Tübingen 1976)
  • M. R. Cowell - K. Hyne - N. D. Meeks - P. T. Craddock, Analyses of the Lydian electrum, gold and silver coinages, Metallurgy in Numismatics 4, 1998, 526-538.
  • T. Stingl, Barren oder Münzen? Überlegungen zum Beginn der Elektronprägung in Westkleinasien, Boreas 23, 2000/2001, 35-52.
  • L. Weidauer, Probleme der frühen Eelektronprägung. Typos 1 (Fribourg 1975)
  • R. B. Wallace, The Origin of Electrum Coinage, AJA 91, 1987, 385-397.
  • R. B. Wallace, Remarks on the Value and Standards of Early Electrum Coins, içinde: M. S. Balmuth, Hacksilber to Coinage. New insights into the monetary history of the Near East and Greece (New York 2001) 127-134.
  • R. B. Wallace, KUKALIM, WALWET and the Artemision deposit: Problems in Early Anatolian Electrum Coinage, içinde: P. G. van Alfen(yayımlayan), Agoranomina. Studies in Money and Exchange presented to John H. Kroll (New York 2006) 37-48.

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