Akıllı güç

Uluslararası ilişkiler ve siyaset biliminde akıllı güç (İngilizce: Smart power) terimi, sert güç ve yumuşak güç stratejilerinin bir tür birlikteliğini ifade eder. Stratejik ve Uluslararası Çalışmalar Merkezi tarafından, "güçlü bir ordunun yanı sıra, kişilerin prestijlerini ve nüfuzlarını genişletmek ve eyleminin meşruiyetini sağlamak için ittifaklara, ortaklıklara ve her düzeydeki kurumlara yoğun yatırım yapan yaklaşım" olarak tanımlanıyor.[1]

Clinton yönetiminin Uluslararası Güvenlik İşlerinden sorumlu eski Savunma Bakan Yardımcısı ve smart power stratejisi üzerine çeşitli kitapların yazarı Joseph Nye, bugün dış politikadaki en etkili stratejilerin sert ve yumuşak güç kaynaklarının bir karışımını gerektirdiğini öne sürüyor. Nye, terörizmle mücadelenin akıllı güç stratejisi gerektirdiğini savunarak terörizm örneğini kullanıyor. Taliban hükûmetinin kalbini ve zihnini değiştirmek için yumuşak güç kaynaklarını basitçe kullanmanın etkisiz olacağını ve sert güç bileşeni gerektirdiğini ileri sürüyor.

Tarih

Birleşik Krallık

Pax Britannica (1815–1914) döneminden bu yana, Birleşik Krallık dış ilişkilerinde, nüfuz ve baskının bir kombinasyonunu kullanmıştır.

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri

1901ː Thedore Roosevelt, uluslararası ilişkilerinde, "yumuşak konuş ve büyük bir sopa taşı; çok ileriye gidersin" sözünü kullanmış ve uygulamıştır.

2007: 11 Eylül ve Irak'taki savaş ışığında Bush yönetimi, sert güç stratejisine çok fazla vurgu yaptığı için eleştirildi. Bu sert güç stratejisine karşı koymak için Stratejik ve Uluslararası Çalışmalar Merkezi, 11 Eylül ve ABD dış politikasının geleceğine hangi ilkelerin yön vermesi gerektiği konusunda akıllı güç kavramını tartışmaya sokmak için "Akıllı Güç Komisyonu"nu yayınladı.

Kaynakça

  1. ^ "CSIS Commission on Smart Power: A Smarter, More Secure America" (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. 25 Ekim 2012 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 12 Nisan 2012. 

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