İyot eksikliği

İyot eksikliği dünya haritası - DALY - WHO2002

İyot eksikliği, kalbin hareketlerini, uyarılan sinirlerin verdiği yanıtı, canlının büyüme hızını ve metabolizmayı denetleyen tiroit bezi salgısını doğrudan etkileyen iyot elementinin vücuda yeterli miktarda alınamaması durumudur.

Nedenleri ve belirtileri

İyot eksikliğinin yol açtığı hastalıkların en yaygınlarından biri basit guatrdır. Özellikle dağlık bölgelerde ve denizden uzak bölgelerde görülür. Deniz kıyılarında çok ender rastlanır. Eksikliği orta derecedeyse tiroid bezi normal miktarlarda hormon bireşimlemek için daha fazla çalışır; böyle durumlarda guatr oluşmasına karşın bireyin sağlığı bozulmamış olabilir. Öte yandan uzun süren ağır eksiklik durumlarında tiroit hormonlarının yetmezliği ortaya çıkar. Cilt kurur, saçlar dökülür, yüzde şişkinlik, kaslarda gevşeklik ve güçsüzlük, kilo artışı, güçte azalma ve zihinsel tembellik gibi belirtileri olan miksödem görülür. Sporadik guatrın nedenleri anlaşılamamıştır; bu durum yeterli miktardan fazla iyot alınan bölgelerde ortaya çıkar. Lahana ve şalgam gibi sebzeler, iyotun vücut dokularına girmesine engel olduğu düşünülen, ama pişirme sırasında ısı etkisiyle yıkıma uğrayan tehlikeli bir enzim içerir.

Risk faktörleri

İyot eksikliğine yol açan potansiyel risk faktörleri şunlardır:[1]

Önlemler

İyot eksikliğini önlemenin ne basit yolu düzenli olarak deniz ürünleri yemek ya da iyotlu sofra tuzu kullanmaktır. Bebeklik döneminde iyot eksikliği ruhsal ve bedensel gelişimi ağır bir biçimde kesintiye uğratan kretinizme yol açar. Anne gebelikte iyotça zengin besinler alırsa bu durumu engelleyebilir. Lahana ve şalgam gibi sebzeler, iyotun vücut dokularına girmesine engel olduğu düşünülen, ama pişirme sırasında ısı etkisiyle yıkıma uğrayan tehlikeli bir enzim içerir.

Bununla birlikte gereksiz yere iyot alınımı da birçok istenmeyen yan etkiye yol açabilir.

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. ^ Knudsen N, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Bülow I, Ovesen L, Jørgensen T (Ekim 2002). "Risk factors for goiter and thyroid nodules (Guatr ve tiroid nodülleri için risk faktörleri)". Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association (Tiroid: Amerikan Tiroid Birliği Resmi Gazetesi). 12 (10). ss. 879-88. doi:10.1089/105072502761016502. PMID 12487770. 

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